The Effect of the Polish Insurrection of 1863 on Amnerican Civil War Diplomacy

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Notes

1. Benjamin P. Thomas, Russo‐American Relations, 1815–1867 (Baltimore, 1938), 137–41; F. A. Golder, “The Russian Fleet and the Civil War,” American Historical Review, XX (July, 1914) 800–812; E. A. Adamov, “Russia and the United States at Time of the Civil war,” tr. by R. P. churchill, The Jounal of Modern History, II (December, 1930), 586–602; William A. Williams American‐Russian Relations, 1781–1947 (New York, 1952) 19–20; Max M. Laserson, The American Impact on Russia ‐ Diplomatic and Idiological, 1784–1917 (New York, 1950), 173–81, 233–35.; Harold E. Blinn, “Seward and the Polishc Insurrection of 1863,” American Historical Review, XLV (July, 1940), 828–33; Albert A. Waldman, Lincoln and The Russians (Cleveland and New York, 1952), 156–57, 161–66.

2. Europe and the American Civil War (Boston and New York, 1931), 188.

3. Great Britain and The American Civil War (2 vols., London, 1925). I, 163. A few other work which mention Poland without any comments are Martin P. Claussen, “Peace Factors in Anglo‐American Relations,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXVI (1940), 518; Robert H. Jones, “Anglo‐American Relations, 1861–1865, Reconsidered,” Mid‐America, XLV (January, 1963), 40.

4. King Cotton DiFlomacy: Foreign Relations of the Confederate States of America (2nd rev. ed. by Harriet C. Owsley, Chicago, 1959), 436, 441. Other works which make no reference whatsoever to the Polish issue are Brougham Villiers and W. H. Chesson, Anglo‐Americun Relations, 1861–1865 (London, 1919); Wilbur D. Jones, “The British Conservatives and The American Civil War,” American Historical Review, LVIII (April, 1953), 527–43.

5. Lynn M. Case, French Opinion on War and Diplomacy During the Second Empire (Philadelphia, 1954). 177–80. The Austrian Ambassador to Paris reported on February 26 that “the agitation is daily taking on greater and greater proportions” and that “the old sympathies for Poland have awakened themselves to the sound of clamors rung by the entire press”; in Hermann Oncken, Die Rheinpolitik Kaiser Napoleons III (3 vols.; Berlin. 1926), I, 8.

6. Edgar T. Welles, ed., Diary of Gideon Welles (3 vols.; Boston, 1911), 235 (entry of February 10); George E. Baker, ed., The Works of William H. Seward (5 vols.; Boston, 1884), V, 376–81.

7. Allan Nevins and Milton H. Thomas, eds., The Diary of George Templeton Strong (4 vols.; New York, 1952), III, 297, 300.

8. To William H. Seward, #337, Secretary of State, Widener Library, Harvard University, Adams's “Letterbook,” (Microfilm roll #168), 504–505. Quotations from the Adams Papers are by permission of The Massachusetts Historical Society.

9. To Seward, February 23, #276, Natoinal archives, Washington, D. C., Despatches From France, Vol. 53.

10. Bayard Taylor to Seward, March 3, National Archives, Despatches from Russia, vol. 19.

11. Owsley, King Cotton Diplomacy, 436.

12. Baron Gros to Drouyn de Lhuys, March 7, Archives du Ministére des Affaires Etrangées, Paris, Vol. 723 (“Angleterre”), 196.

13. Copy, Public Record Office, London, Russell Papers, PRO 30/22/97, ff. 9–10.

14. To Seward, March 20 (Confidential), #288, Despatches from france, Vol. 53.

15. To Seward, March 27, #293, ibid.

16. John Slidell to J. P. Benjamin (Secretary of State), March 21, Library of Congress, Pickett Papers, Corr. of Slidell to Benjamin, vol. I.

17. To Benjamin, March 14, ibid., Hotze's Letters to Benjamin. His letter of March 21 emphasized the growing Polish sentiment in England.

18. To Benjamin, March 20, Cited by J. D. Richardson, ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Confederacy (2 vols.; Nashville, Tenn., 1905), II, 454–55

19. C. F. Adarns to Bayard Taylor, March 14, “Letterbook,” Roll #169, p. 24.

20. To Benjamin, March 28, Pickett Papers, Hotze's Letters to Benjamin.

21. Diary of … Welles, I, 251–59, 262–63, 286–87 (entries of April 2, 7, 28); Diary of … Strong, 311 (entry of April 14).

22. Taylor to Seward, April 20, Despatches from Russia. Vol. 19.

23. To Seward, April 9, #297, Despatches from France, vol. 53.

24. Russell's private letter to Lyons, April II (copy), Russell Papers, PRO 30/22/97, f. 17.

25. Count Bernstorff to Bismarck, April 29, #466. Cited by Erich Brandenburg, et al., eds., Die auswärtige Politik Preussens, 1858–1871 (10 vols.: Oldenburg, 1932–39), III, 527.

26. To Benjamin, April 11. Pickett Papers, Corr. of Slidell to Benjamin, vol. I.

27. Slidell to Benjamin, April 20, ibid.

28. To Benjamin, April 25, Pickett Papers, Corr. of Hotze to Benjamin.

29. To Seward, June 26, #408, “Letterbook,” Roll 169, p. 297.

30. Edwin DeLeon (director of propaganda in France) to Benjamin, June 19, Pickett Papers, Hotze's Letters to Benjamin.

31. Private letter of June 20, Russell Papers, PRO 30/22/97, f. 29.

32. Slidell to Benjamin, Paris, June 12, Pickett Papers, Corr. of Slidell to Benjamin, vol. I.

33. To James Mason, June 13 Library of Congress, Mason Papers, Vol. 5, pp. 1102 and 1103.

34. To John Slagg, June 25 (copy), British Museum, Cobden Papers, Additional Manuscripts. 43, 676, ff. 130–31.

35. To John Slagg, July 3 (copy), ibid., f. 132. Also see Amos Khasigian, “Economic Factors and British Neutrality, 1861–1863,” The Historian, XXV (August, 1963), 451–65, and L. B. Schmidt, “The Influence of Wheat and Cotton on Anglo‐American Relations during the Civil War,” The Iowa Journal of History and Politics, XVI (July, 1918), 400–439.

36. To Col. Fitzmayer, July 27 (copy), Cobden Papers, Add. Mss. 43, 665, f. 141.

37. To Seward, August 7, #466, “Letterbook,” Roll 169, p. 373.

38. Entry of July 22, Widener Library, Microfilm Roll #77.

39. Lord Granville (Lord President of the Council) told this to a Polish publicist: Report of the London Agency, Aug. 8, in Adam Lewak, ed., Polska dzialalizosá dyplomatyczna, 1863–1864 (2 vols.; Warsaw, 1937–1963), II, 330.

40. James Spence to Mason, August 3 and 6, Mason Papers, Vol. 6, pp. 1186, 1191.

41. DeLeon to Benjamin, August 3, Pickett Papers, Corr. of Hotze to Benjamin.

42. Hotze to Benjamin, July 23 Ibid.

43. Benjamin, London, July 22, Ibid.

44. Diary of … Welles, I, 435–38 (Sept. 17 and 18)

45. ibid., 443 (September 25).

46. Sarah A. Wallace and Frances E. Gillespie, The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857–1865 (2 vols.: Chicago, 1949), entry of October 22, II 1128.

47. To Arles Dufour, October 23, Cobden Papers, Add. Mss. 43, #666, f. 283.

48. To Benjamin, October 30, Paris, Pickett Papers, Corr. of Hotze to Benjamin.

49. To Benjamin, October 25, Pickett Papers, Corr. of Slidell to Benjamin vol. 1.

50. Palmerston to Russell, September 30, PRO 30/22/22.

51. To Seward, #536, “Letterbook,” Roll 170, p. 171.

52. To Edward Everett, November 17, ibid, 180–181. He noted this again in his November 19 report to Seward, #537, p. 184.

53. DeLeon to Benjamin, pickett Papers, Corr, of Hotze to Benjamin.

54. There are no references to Poland in the following works concerning Lincoln: Roy P, Basler, ed., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (8 vols.; New Brunswich, New Jersey, 1953); Tyler Dennett, ed., Lincoln and the Civil War in the Diarics and Letters of John Hay (New York, 1939);

55. Paul Angle, ed., New Letters and Papers of Lincoln (Boston, 1930); John B. Nicolay and John Hav, eds., Abraham Lincoln; Complete Works (2 vols.; New York, 1894); Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln; A History (10 vols.; New York, 1890); Diary of … Welles; Diary of … Strong. Seward stated that Lincoln showed “much interest” in the French invitation to join in the Western remonstrance to Russia, and that its rejection was due to Lincoln's impetus: Seward to Dayton, April 24 and May 11, Papers Relating to Foreign Aflairs, 1863, I, 662–63. 667–68. Seward, however, did not relate Lincoln's views to the American Civil War diplomacy. George E. Baker's The Works of William H. Seward (5 vols.; Boston, 1884) and Frederick W. Seward's Seward at Washington (New York, 1891) contain no mention of Poland in 1863. The work of Dunbar Rowland, Jefferson Davis: Constitutionalist; His Letters, Papers and Speechies (10 vols.; Jackson, Mississippi, 1923) reveals nothing about the Polish. The biographies of J. P. Benjamin (by Pierce Butler, S. I. Neiman, Martin Rywell, and R. D. Meade) contain no references to Poland.