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Notes
1. Cited in John C. Miller, The Federalist Era, 1789–1801 (New York: Harper and Row, 1960), 265.
2. Cited in Nathan Schachner, Thomas Jefferson, A Biography (New York: Yoseloff, 1957), 640–41.
3. Ibid., 659.
4. Cited in W.P. Cresson, James Monroe (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946), 202–3.
5. National Intelligencer, 6 March 1801, 2.
6. Schachner, Jefferson, 661; Bernard Mayo, Jefferson Himself: The Personal Narrative of a Many‐Sided American (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1942), 219–20.
7. Margaret Bayard Smith, The First Forty Years of Washington Society in the Family Letters of Margaret Bayard Smith, ed. Gaillard Hunt (New York: Unger, 1965), 12.
8. Ibid, 12–13.
9. Ibid. 13.
10. Bess Furman, White House Profile, A Social History of the White House, Its Occupants and Its Festivities (Indianapolis: Bobbs‐Merrill, 1951), 37.
11. William Plumer, William Plumer's Memorandum of Proceedings in the United States Senate. 1803–1807, ed. Everett S. Brown (New York: Macmillan, 1923), 550.
12. Ibid., 211–13.
13. Cited in Lynn W. Turner, William Plumer of New Hampshire, 1159–1850 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962), 94–95.
14. Jefferson to General Thaddeus Kosciusko, 2 April 1802, in Thomas Jefferson, The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert E. Bergh, 20 vols. (Washington, D.C.: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, 1903), 10: 310.
15. Katherine Anthony, Dolly Madison, Her Life and Times (Garden City, N.J.: Double‐day, 1949), 123.
16. Anne Hollingsworth Wharton, Salons: Colonial and Republican (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1900), 189.
17. Thomas Jefferson, The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Paul Leicester Kord, 10 vols. (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1892–99), 8: 276–77.
18. S.T. Bindoff et al., eds., British Diplomatic Representatives, 1789–1852 (London: Royal Historical Society, 1934), 185.
19. Henry Adams, History of the United States of America during the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1801–1817, 9 vols. (New York: Antiquarian Press, 1962), 2: 360.
20. King to Madison, 10 April 1802, cited in Adams, History, 2: 360–61.
21. Madison to James Monroe, 26 December 1803, in James Madison, The Writings of James Madison, ed. Gaillard Hunt, 9 vols. (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1900‐10), 2: 189.
22. Cited in Mayo, Jefferson Himself, 234.
23. Merry to Lord Hawkesbury, 6 December 1803, in Great Britain, Foreign Office, F.0.-5, Foreign Correspondence: United States, 41: 25 (Library of Congress photostat) (hereafter cited as F.O.‐5).
24. Bindoff, British Diplomatic Representatives, 185.
25. Anne N. Royall, Sketches of History, Life, and Manners, in the United States (New Haven: privately printed, 1826), 130.
26. Augustus John Foster, Jeffersonian America: Notes on the United States of America Collected in the Years 1805–6‐7 and 11–12 by Sir Augustus John Foster, Bart., ed. Richard Beale Davis (San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1954), 21.
27. Cited in Gerald Carson, The Polite Americans: A Wide‐Angle View of Our More or Less Good Manners over 300 Years (New York: William Morrow, 1966), 96.
28. Cited in Helen Nicolay, Our Capital on the Potomac (New York: Century, 1924), 70.
29. Merry to Hammond (private), 7 December 1803, F.O.-5, 41: 28–29.
30. Mrs. Smith to Mrs. Kirkpatrick, 23 January 1804, in Smith, Washington Society, 46.
31. Plumer, Memorandum, 448.
32. Cited in Mayo, Jefferson Himself, 234.
33. Statement by Dolly Madison, cited in Anthony, Dolly Madison, 126.
34. Editorial note in Thomas Jefferson, “Jefferson to William Short on Mr. and Mrs. Merry, 1804,” American Historical Review 33, no. 4 (July 1928): 832.
35. Adams, History, 2: 362.
36. Ibid.
37. John Quincy Adams, Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, ed. Charles Francis Adams, 12 vols. (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1874‐77), 2: 95.
38. Short to Jefferson, 15 May 1792, in William Short, The Papers of William Short (manuscripts), 52 bound volumes, 20:3462–63, Library of Congress.
39. Adams, History, 2: 365.
40. Merry to Hawkesbury (separate), 6 December 1803, F.0.-5, 41: 24.
41. Merry to Hawkesbury (no. 1), 6 December 1803, F.0–5, 41: 1–2.
42. Madison to Monroe, 19 January 1804, in James Monroe, James Monroe Papers (Library of Congress, Presidential Papers Microfilm, ser.1, reel 3) (hereafter cited as Monroe MSS).
43. Merry to Hawkesbury (separate), 6 December 1803, F.0.-5, 41: 25.
44. Madison to Monroe, 19 January 1804, Monroe MSS, ser. 1, reel 3.
45. Foster, Jeffersonian America, 54.
46. Adams, History, 2: 367–68.
47. Merry to Hawkesbury (separate), 31 December 1803, F.0.-5, 41: 46–47.
48. Ibid., 46.
49. Adams, History, 2: 368.
50. Merry to Hawkesbury (private), 7 December 1803, F.O.-5, 41: 28–29.
51. Madison to Monroe, 19 January 1804, Monroe MSS. ser. 1, reel 3.
52. Merry to Hawkesbury (separate), 6 December 1803, F.O.-5. 41: 26;Adams, History, 2: 369–70; Dolly Madison, Memoirs and Letters of Dolly Madison, ed. Lucia B. Cutts (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1886), 49.
53. Yrujo to Don Pedro deCevallos, 7 February 1804, cited in Adams, History, 2: 371.
54. Madison to Monroe, 19 January 1804, Monroe MSS, ser. 1, reel 3.
55. Yrujo to Cevallos, 7 February 1804, cited in Adams, History, 2: 371.
56. Pichon to Tallyrand, 5 and 13 February 1804, in France, Archives Nationales, Affaires Etrangers, Correspondence Politique, 56 (1803–04): 342–51 and 372–73 (Library of Congress photostat) (hereafter cited as AEC.P).
57. Merry to Hammond (private), 7 December 1803, F.O.-5, 41: 28–29.
58. Merry to Hawkesbury, 31 December 1803, cited in Adams, History, 2: 374.
59. Madison to Monroe, 16 February 1804, in James Madison, Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, Fourth President of the United States, Published by Order of Congress, 4 vols. (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865‐67), 2: 197 (hereafter cited as Madison, Letters).
60. Nicolay, Our Capital, 80.
61. Pichon to Tallyrand, 5 February 1804, in AECP, 56 (1803–04): 342–51. For newspaper comment, see Gazette of the United States, 17 January and 14 and 17 February 1804, and Philadelphia Aurora, 28 January 1804.
62. Jefferson to Short, 23 January 1804, in American Historical Review 33, no, 4 (July 1928): 832.
63. Jefferson to Monroe, 8 January 1804, in Mayo, Jefferson Himself, 235.
64. Adams, History, 2: 374, 377ff.
65. Irving Brant, The Life of James Madison, 6 vols. (Indianapolis: Bobbs‐Merrill, 1941‐61), 4: 169.
66. Koster, Jeffersonian America, 55.
67. Adams, History, 2: 390.
68. Schachner, Jefferson, 787.
69. Merry to Lord Harrowby (Dudley Ryder), 6 August 1804, cited in Adams, History, 2: 395.
70. Merry to Harrowby, 29 March 1805, cited in Adams, History, 2: 403.
71. Madison to Monroe, 19 January 1804, Monroe MSS, ser. 1, reel 3.
72. Monroe to Madison, 3 March 1804, Monroe MSS, ser. 1, reel 3.
73. Monroe to Jefferson, 15 March 1804, Monroe MSS, ser. 1, reel 3.
74. Ibid.
75. Ibid
76. Cited in Adams, History, 2: 405.
77. Foster, Jeffersonian America, 22–23.
78. See, for example, George Morgan, The Life of James Monroe (Boston: Small, 1921), 263, and Anthony, Dolly Madison, 127.
79. Madison to Monroe, 16 February 1804, in Madison, Letters, 2: 196.
80. Pichon to Tallyrand, 3 September 1804, cited in Adams, History, 2: 404.
81. Cited in Stanley Lane‐Poole, The Life of the Right Honourable Stratford Canning, From his Memoirs and Private and Official Papers, 2 vols. (London: Longmans, 1888), 2: 315–16.
82. Foster, Jeffersonian America, 51.
83. Ibid, 9.
84. James Sterling Young, The Washington Community, 1800–1828 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1966), 220–21.
85. Jefferson to Short, 23 January 1804, in American Historical Review 33, no. 4 (July 1928): 833.
86. Schachner, Jefferson, 721.
87. American diplomatic gift‐giving is discussed in Robert R. Davis, Jr., “Diplomatic Gifts and Emoluments: The Early National Experience,” Historian 32 (May 1970): 376–91.
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Notes on contributors
Robert R. Davis
The author is Professor of History at Ohio Northern University.