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Notes
1. The complete run of Happy Days from 20 may 1933 to 8 August 1942 is available on microfilm from the state Historical Society of Madison, Wisconsin and in the microfilm collection Publication #M1783, National Archives Annex (NAA), College Park, Md.; see also New York Times, 11 August 1979, 24:5; and Calvin W. Gower, “Conservation, Censorship, and Controversy in the CCC, 1930s,”Journalism Quarterly 52 (Summer 1975): 284.
2. Happy Days, 14 November 1936, 10:4‐‐5.
3. John A. Salmond, The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933‐‐1942: A New Deal Case Study (Durham, 1967); Hubert Humphreys, “In a Sense Experimental: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Louisiana,”Louisiana History 5 (Fall 1964): 345‐‐67 and 6 (Winter 1965): 27‐‐52; Kenneth E. Hendrickson Jr., “The Civilian Conservation Corps in Pennsylvania: A Case Study of a New Deal Relief Agency in Operation,”Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 100 (January 1976): 66‐‐96; Charles A. Symon, We Can Do It! A History of the Civilian Conservation Corps in Michigan, 1933‐‐1942 (Escanaba, Mich., 1983); George T. Blakey, Hard Times and New Deal in Kentucky, 1929‐‐1939 (Lexington, 1986); Jerrell H. Shofner, “Roosevelt's 'Tree Army': The Civilian Conservation Corps in Florida,”Florida Historical Quarterly 65 (April 1987): 433‐‐56: Milton Harr, The C.C.C. Camps in West Virginia: A Record of the Civilian Conservation Corps in the Mountain State, 1933‐‐1942 (Charleston, W.V., 1992); David D. Draves, Builder of Men: Life in CCC. Camps of New Hampshire (Portsmouth, N.H., 1992); John A. Salmond, “The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Negro,”Journal of American History 52 (June 1965): 75‐‐88; Donald L. Parman, “The Indian and the Civilian Conservation Corps,”Pacific Historical Review 40 (February 1971): 39‐‐56; Charles W. Johnson, “The Army and the Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933‐‐42,”Prologue 4 (Fall 1972): 139‐‐56; Olen Cole Jr., “African‐American Youth in the Program of the Civilian Conservation Corps in California, 1933‐‐1942: An Ambivalent Legacy,”Forest and Conservation History 35 (My 1991): 121‐‐27; Billy G. Hinson, “The Civilian Conservation Corps in Mobile County, Alabama,”Alabama Review 45 (October 1992): 243‐‐56.
4. “'Civie's Pay Means A Lot To The South,”Happy Days, 10 June 1933, 2:5.
5. Picture in Happy Days, 17 June 1933, 9:3‐‐5.
6. Happy Days, 17 June 1933, 2:4‐‐5; 9 September 1933, 1:1‐‐3.
7. “Men Get To Vote If, When And As,”Happy Days, 28 October 1933, 14:2.
8. Happy Days, 27 October 1934, 1:1.
9. Happy Days, 2 March 1935, 7:1‐‐2 and 9 March 1935, 9:1‐‐2; editorial for 15 August 1936, 4:3‐‐4; 22 August 1936, 1:1 and 24:1‐‐3.
10. Ann Burkly, “Blacks in the Civilian Conservation Corps: Successful Despite Discrimination,”Proceedings and Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians 14 (1993): 37‐‐45; Olen Cole Jr., The African‐American Experience in the Civilian Conservation Corps (Gainesville, 1999); Douglas Carl Abrams, “Irony of Reform: North Carolina Blacks and the New Deal,”North Carolina Historical Review 66 (April 1989): 167; Happy Days, 31 December 1938, 9:3‐‐5 with five pictures; 14 January 1939, 2:2‐‐3; 1 November 1941, 10:1‐‐3 with picture.
11. Kelly McMichael Stott, “FDR, Lewis Douglas, and the Raw Deal,”Historian 63 (Fall 2000): 114‐‐15.
12. Happy Days, 5 August 1933, 8:3; 17 November 1934, 14:4‐‐5 with picture.
13. Happy Days, 14 July 1934, 1:2‐‐3; 12 January 1935, 15:3‐‐5 with picture.
14. Happy Days, 22 February 1936, 20:2; 18 January 1936, 2:1.
15. “Forest Camp For Women Opens in New York,”American Forests 39 (July 1933): 321; Happy Days, 3 June 1933, 12:1; 30 June 1934, 9:1; 5 December 1936, 20:1; 22 May 1937, 20:1‐‐5; 22:1‐‐5 and 23:3 with pictures; see also Robert H. Bremner, “The New Deal and Social Welfare,” in Fifty Years Later: The New Deal Evaluated, ed. Howard Sitkoff (New York, 1985): 75.
16. Happy Days, 12 August 1933, 16:1‐‐5.
17. Happy Days, 5 January 1935, 9:4‐‐5 with picture; 8 June 1935, 19:4‐‐5 with picture; 21 December 1935, 17:4‐‐5 with picture; 11 April 1936, 24:1‐‐2; 6 March 1937, 5:4‐‐5 with pictures.
18. Happy Days, 12 August 1933, 3:1‐‐2.
19. Editorial, “Education Down South,”Happy Days, 8 October 1938, 4:1‐‐3.
20. Happy Days, 25 June 1938, 5:2‐‐3; 7 December 1940, 2:2‐‐4; 26 April 1941, 9:5 with picture; RG 35, Division of Investigation, Camp Inspection Reports, 1933‐‐1942, South Carolina, SES‐8 to SP‐3, box 194, NAA.
21. Happy Days, 10 May 1941, 7:1‐‐3 with picture; 25 January 1941, 7:1‐‐5 with pictures.
22. Happy Days, 13 October 1934, 1:1‐‐5 and 6:5 with pictures.
23. Happy Days, 24 November 1934, 10:1‐‐5 with pictures.
24. Happy Days, 7 November 1936, 11:3‐‐5 with pictures; 28 December 1940, 9:1‐‐3 with picture.
25. Happy Days, 25 May 1935, 5:4‐‐5 with pictures; 16 April 1938, 4:3 with picture.
26. Happy Days, 22 December 1934, 13:2‐‐3.
27. Happy Days, 30 July 1938, 2:2; editorial, “Carelessness Costs,” 15 May 1937, 16:1‐‐2; 18 January 1941, 7:3‐‐5; 24 May 24, 1941, 7:1‐‐3 with pictures.
28. Happy Days, 13 February 1937, 7:1; 17 June 1937, 13:3‐‐4; 3 July 1937, 13:4; 1 February 1941, 9:2.
29. Happy Days, 23 May 1936, 6:2; 21 October 1939, 10:1‐‐2 with picture; 16 November 1940, 9:2; 26 April 1941, 9:2.
30. Happy Days, 1 June 1935, 1:3‐‐4.
31. Happy Days, 5 June 1937, 19:5; 15 June 1940, 1:3.
32. Happy Days, 16 March 1935, 18:1‐‐2; 22 February 1936, 14:3.
33. Happy Days, 14 March 1936, 18:2; 31 December 1938, 13:3; 20 November 1937, 18:5; see also microfilm and microfiche copies of South Carolina CCC newspapers at Cooper Library, Clemson University, and of other states from the Center for Research Libraries in Chicago.
34. Happy Days, 12 January 1935, 13:2‐‐3.
35. Happy Days, 12 August 1933, 14:1‐‐5; 23 October 1937, 6:1‐‐2; 5 November 1938, 4:3‐‐4; 28 May 1938, 14:5.
36. Happy Days, 2 June 1934, 15:4‐‐5; 4 March 1939, 14:1‐‐2 and 4‐‐5 with picture; 1 March 1941, 10:1‐‐5 with picture.
37. Happy Days, 11 April 1936, 8:2‐‐3; 19 August 1939, 16:5; 11 April 1936, 8:2; 7 September 1935, 19:5.
38. Happy Days, 23 May 1936, 6:1‐‐2 with picture; 24 April 1937, 5:4‐‐5 with picture.
39. Happy Days, 3 August 1940, 10:3.
40. Happy Days, 30 March 1940, 16:1.
41. Happy Days, 21 August 1937, 1:4; 11 September 1937, 1:4; 1 January 1938, 1:3; 30 December 1939, 15:2‐‐3.
42. Happy Days, 16 March 1940, 18:4‐‐5 with picture.
43. Happy Days, 4 January 1936, 20:3; 23 May 1936, 6:2‐‐3; 18 September 1937, 6:1‐‐2; 28 March 1942, 8:2‐‐4 with picture.
44. Levette I. Davidson, “CCC Chatter,”American Speech 15 (April 1940): 210‐‐11.
45. Poem by Roy Carver of Co. 424, Swan Quarter in Happy Days, 22 July 1933, 5:3; 1 July 1933, 6:1 and 9:3‐‐5 with picture.
46. “A CCC Man's Success,”Happy Days, 30 March 1935, 6:3‐‐4.
47. Happy Days, 27 March 1937, 16:2‐‐3 with picture.
48. New York Times, 16 June 1935, 28:7.
49. Hallie Flanagan, Arena (New York, 1940), 242.
50. Happy Days, 23 November 1935, 1:1‐‐4; 3 October 1936, 9:2‐‐3; 3 April 1937, 3:1‐‐3 with picture; New York Times, 3 April 1937, 21: 2‐‐3 with picture; Happy Days, 21 October 1939, 16: 4‐‐5 with picture; 10 February 1940, 20:1‐‐3 with picture.
51. Happy Days, 16 September 1933, 1:4 and 30 September 1933, 3:4; 11 April 1936, 1:5 and 24:4‐‐5; 1 October 1938, 1:1‐‐2 and 2:3 and 8 October 1938, 2:1‐‐5 with pictures; 31 August 1940, 16:3.
52. Happy Days, 24 June 1933, 7:5; 20 March 1937, 5:1.
53. Happy Days, 25 December 1937, 2:5; 21 December 1940, 7:1‐‐2 with three pictures.
54. Happy Days, 22 February 1941, 8:3‐‐4 with four pictures; 27 December 1941, 6:1‐‐2; 29 March 1941, 8:4‐‐5; 1 November 1941, 3:1.
55. Happy Days, 19 May 1934, 1:5 and 16:1‐‐5; 11 April 1936, 8:3‐‐4.
56. Happy Days, 8 August 1936, 10:1‐‐2.
57. Happy Days, 3 March 1934, 2:5; 30 December 1939, 9:1; 3 May 1941, 16:3; 1 November 1941, 10:4‐‐5.
58. Happy Days, 6 October 1934, 19:2‐‐3; 18 January 1936, 19:2.
59. Happy Days, 30 January 1937, 8:2‐‐3; 27 February 1937, 7:2.
60. Happy Days, 25 May 1940, 18:3; see also “South Carolina Develops Subsistence Fire Lookouts,”American Forests 40 (October 1934): 478; and Mike Livingston, “Room With A View” [SC firetowers], South Carolina Wildlife 40 (July‐August 1993): 16‐‐21.
61. See, e.g., “Ask Senate Inquiry of Fechner Buying,”New York Times, 27 May 1933, 3:5; G. H. Collingwood, “Conservation Camps to Feel Political Patronage,”American Forests 39 (September 1933): 418; “Academic Freedom in the Civilian Conservation Corps,”School Review 43 (January 1935): 3‐‐6; Raymond Gram Swing, “Take the Army Out of the CCC,”Nation, 23 October 1935, 459‐‐60; editorial, “The Trail of the Politician [in the CCC],”Saturday Evening Post, 5 September 1936, 22; “Why Baby the CCC?”Collier's, 11 October 1941, 90.
62. See the Annual Reports of the Director of Emergency Conservation Work (Washington, D.C., 1933‐‐37); Annual Reports of the Director of the Civilian Conservation Corps (Washington, D.C., 1938‐‐43); Thomas D. Clark, The Greening of the South: The Recovery of Land and Forest (Lexington, 1984), 81; “Letter to the Editor,”Happy Days, 1 October 1933, 4:3; M. Chester Nolte, ed., Civilian Conservation Corps: The Way We Remember It, 1933‐‐1942: Personal Stories of Life in the CCC (Paducah, Ky., 1990); see Michael W. Sherraden, “Administrative Lessons from the Civilian Conservation Corps (1933‐‐1942),”Administration in Social Work 9 (Summer 1985): 85‐‐97.
63. Report summary in Happy Days, 22 February 1941, 8:3.