Temporal and Spatial Dimensions of Newly Incorporated Municipalities in the United States^*

* This work was supported by a Troy University Faculty Development Committee Research Grant.

Abstract

Scholarly literature on newly incorporated municipalities (nims) often focuses on why nims form. Instead of asking why nims formed, however, we ask why nims stopped forming. We first establish a temporal context for nims from 1950 to 2010, revealing an 86.2 percent decline in nim formation. The decline, triggered by stricter laws, smaller annexations, declining suburbanization, and boundary ossification, has profound implications for metropolitan fragmentation and public choice. We then establish a state‐level spatial context, revealing distinct high‐nim, low‐nim, and flux states due to boundary ossification, growth, and state/regional policy stimuli such as consolidation efforts, grants, and growth management provisions.

• boundary change
• cities
• metropolitan fragmentation
• municipal incorporation
• newly incorporated municipalities

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Leora Waldner

Dr. Waldner is an associate professor of public administration at Troy University, Atlanta, Georgia 30338; [[email protected]].

Kathryn Rice

Dr. Rice is president of Building Quality Communities, Decatur, Georgia 30036; [[email protected]].

Russell M. Smith

Dr. Smith is an assistant professor of geography at Winston‐Salem State University, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina 27110; [[email protected]].