The DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulates a Transition between Yeast and Hyphal Growth in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus

Abstract

Dimorphic yeasts change between unicellular growth and filamentous growth. Many dimorphic yeasts species are pathogenic for humans and plants, being infectious as invasive hypha. We have studied the determinants of the dimorphic switch in the nonpathogenic fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, which is evolutionarily close to the well-characterized fission yeast S. pombe. We report that camptothecin, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, reversibly induced the unicellular to hyphal transition in S. japonicus at low concentrations of camptothecin that did not induce checkpoint arrest and the transition required the DNA checkpoint kinase Chk1. Furthermore, a mutation of chk1 induced hyphal transition without camptothecin. Thus, we identify a second function for Chk1 distinct from its role in checkpoint arrest. Activation of the switch from single cell bipolar growth to monopolar filamentous growth may assist cells to evade the source of DNA damage.

Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb.asm.org/.

We thank Nanayo Ishihara for technical assistance and all members of the Niki lab for helpful comments and suggestions.

This study was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.