Activation of the S-Phase Checkpoint Inhibits Degradation of the F-Box Protein Dia2

Abstract

A stable genome is critical to cell viability and proliferation. During DNA replication, the S-phase checkpoint pathway responds to replication stress. In budding yeast, the chromatin-bound F-box protein Dia2 is required to maintain genomic stability and may help replication complexes overcome sites of damaged DNA and natural fragile regions. SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complexes are modular ubiquitin ligases. We show here that Dia2 is itself targeted for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and that activation of the S-phase checkpoint pathway inhibits Dia2 protein degradation. S-phase checkpoint mutants fail to stabilize Dia2 in response to replication stress. Deletion of DIA2 from these checkpoint mutants exacerbates their sensitivity to hydroxyurea, suggesting that stabilization of Dia2 contributes to the replication stress response. Unlike the case for other F-box proteins, deletion of the F-box domain in Dia2 does not stabilize the protein. Rather, an N-terminal domain that is also required for nuclear localization is necessary for degradation. When a strong nuclear localization signal (NLS) is added to dia2 mutants lacking this domain, the Dia2 protein is both stable and nuclear. Together, our results suggest that Dia2 protein turnover does not involve an autocatalytic mechanism and that Dia2 proteolysis is inhibited by activation of the replication stress response.

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This work was funded by NIH grant R01GM076663 and awards from the Minnesota Medical Foundation and the University of Minnesota Graduate School Grant-in-Aid to D.M.K.

We thank Yolanda Sanchez (Dartmouth Medical School), Anja-Katrin Bielinsky (University of Minnesota), and J. Wade Harper (Harvard Medical School) for gifts of strains and reagents.