AH/PH Domain-Mediated Interaction between Akt Molecules and Its Potential Role in Akt Regulation

Abstract

The cytoplasmic serine-threonine protein kinase coded for by the c-akt proto-oncogene features a protein kinase C-like catalytic domain and a unique NH₂-terminal domain (AH domain). The AH domain is a member of a domain superfamily whose prototype was observed in pleckstrin (pleckstrin homology, or PH, domain). In this communication, we present evidence that the AH/PH domain is a domain of protein-protein interaction which mediates the formation of Akt protein complexes. The interaction between c-akt AH/PH domains is highly specific, as determined by the failure of this domain to bind AKT2. The AH/PH domain-mediated interactions depend on the integrity of the entire domain. Akt molecules with deletions of the NH₂-terminal portion (amino acids 11 to 60) and AH/PH constructs with deletions of the C-terminal portion of this domain (amino acids 107 to 147) fail to interact with c-akt. To determine the significance of these findings, we carried out in vitro kinase assays using Akt immunoprecipitates from serum-starved and serum-starved, platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells. Addition of maltose-binding protein–AH/PH fusion recombinant protein, which is expected to bind Akt, to the immunoprecipitates from serum-starved cells induced the activation of the Akt kinase.