Simian Virus 40 Small t Antigen Mediates Conformation-Dependent Transfer of Protein Phosphatase 2A onto the Androgen Receptor

Abstract

The tumor antigens simian virus 40 small t antigen (ST) and polyomavirus small and medium T antigens mediate cell transformation in part by binding to the structural A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The replacement of B subunits by tumor antigens inhibits PP2A activity and prolongs phosphorylation-dependent signaling. Here we show that ST mediates PP2A A/C heterodimer transfer onto the ligand-activated androgen receptor (AR). Transfer by ST is strictly dependent on the agonist-activated conformation of AR, occurs within minutes of the addition of androgen to cells, and can occur in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus. The binding of ST changes the conformation of the A subunit, and ST rapidly dissociates from the complex upon PP2A A/C heterodimer binding to AR. PP2A is transferred onto the carboxyl-terminal half of AR, and the phosphatase activity is directed to five phosphoserines in the amino-terminal activation function region 1, with a corresponding reduction in transactivation. Thus, ST functions as a transfer factor to specify PP2A targeting in the cell and modulates the transcriptional activity of AR.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Dean Edwards and Michael Imperiale for their kind gifts of antibodies. We also thank Wade Gibson, Peggy Shupnik, and Myles Brown for plasmids, Adam Spencer for technical assistance, and Aninyda Dutta for reading the manuscript.

These studies were supported by the NIH.