Transcriptional Control Signals of a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Late (γ2) Gene Lie Within Bases -34 to +124 Relative to the 5′ Terminus of the mRNA

Abstract

The cis-acting DNA sequences required for regulated expression of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) late (γ₂) gene were studied by using viruses containing specific deletions in the 5′ transcribed noncoding and upstream regions of the HSV-1 glycoprotein C (gC) gene, a model γ₂ gene. Nine mutant viruses which had variable 5′ and 3′ deletions within bases -569 to +124 relative to the 5′ terminus of the gC mRNA were isolated. The mutants were isolated by a simple in situ hybridization screening procedure not requiring any prior selective pressure for or against expression of the gC gene. Analysis of RNA extracted from cells infected with individual mutants showed that the DNA sequences required for regulated expression of this γ₂ gene lay within bases -34 to +124. This 158-base-pair fragment was sufficient to confer accurate and quantitative expression of gC mRNA and to maintain the stringent requirement on viral DNA replication for expression of this gene. Moreover, it was found that sequences located between -34 and +14 contained signals essential for expression of gC. To determine whether the -34 to +124 sequences would function as a γ₂ promoter when moved to another region of the HSV-1 genome, the 158-base-pair fragment was substituted for the normal thymidine kinase promoter-regulatory sequences in the thymidine-kinase gene locus. Transcription of this chimeric gene was regulated as a γ₂ gene in that its expression in infected cells was dependent on viral DNA synthesis. The only recognizable consensus sequence upstream of the transcription initiation site for this gene was the TATAAA sequence at -30.