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Abstract
An evolutionary optimization method for patch antenna designs is presented in this paper. The modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) based on fitness distance ratio (FDR) is combined with standard software IE3D to achieve the optimum antenna satisfying a certain design criterion. The antenna geometric parameters are extracted and optimized by a MPSO program, and simulated by IE3D. The fitness function of the optimization is calculated by the MPSO program according to the simulation results extracted from IE3D to represent the performance of each candidate design. A microstrip line fed low-profile E-shaped patch antenna is designed and optimized using the MPSO/IE3D method. The designed patch antenna is simulated, fabricated, and measured to validate the effectiveness of the MPSO/IE3D method.