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Abstract
A conformal array antenna composed of 8 low-profile Eshaped patches mounted on an irregular shaped surface is designed for 360° coverage in the horizontal plane. Unequal thickness substrate is used in the conformal low-profile E-shaped patch design to maintain the wide-band characteristic of the conformal E-shaped patch antenna. Fitness distance ratio (FDR) based particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to synthesize the patterns of the conformal array. Good agreement is observed between numerical and experimental results of the conformal array antenna.