Dual Element Monopole Antennas Embedded in Small UAV Wing Structures with Beam-Steering Capability

Abstract

In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of a dual monopole antenna array embedded in the wing structure of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a center frequency of 2.45 GHz and bandwidth of more than 100 MHz. The dual antenna array has a beam steering capability that will enhance the radio link performance and extend the communication range of the UAV. The antenna array is characterized at an outdoor antenna range facility, and its performance is investigated in terms of the gain, HPBW, as well as the beam direction as a function of the relative phase between the two elements. Embedded antennas will reduce drag and lower integration costs for UAVs. Such vehicles are being extensively used in exploration, surveillance and military operations.