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Original Articles

De la escuela infantil a la escuela primaria: ¿continuidad o ruptura en las matrices interactivas de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje?

From Kindergarden to Primary School: Is there a continuity or a break in the interactional matrixes of teaching and learning?

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Pages 211-246 | Received 01 Jan 2003, Accepted 01 Jan 2004, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

En este trabajo se analizan comparativamente las matrices interactivas de situaciones de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la escuela infantil y la escuela primaria (1° y 3° grado) con el objeto de identificar eventuales diferencias entre ellas, diferencias que puedan contribuir a dar cuenta de los problemas de articulación entre ambos niveles que con frecuencia se mencionan en el ámbito educativo. Los resultados mostraron continuidad en todas aquellas dimensiones que permiten caracterizar al discurso escolar como asimétrico y discontinuidad en las dimensiones que describen al proceso de elaboración de conocimiento: en la escuela infantil las matrices responden en mayor medida a un proceso de colaboración y en la escuela primaria, a un proceso de transmisión de información guiado por una secuencia iniciación-respuesta-evaluación más rígida. Las implicancias de estas diferencias entre las matrices de escuela infantil y primaria deben ser ponderadas en el marco de los datos que muestran que la complejidad sintáctica de las emisiones que los niños producen en las situaciones de la escuela infantil es mayor que la de los niños de escuela primaria.

Abstract

The present work aims to analyze comparatively the interactional matrixes of teaching and learning situations in kindergarten and primary school (1st and 3rd grades) in order to identify possible differences between them. These differences may contribute to account for the discontinuities between kindergarten and primary school that are often claimed to be a problem in the educational system. Results showed that there is a continuity from kindergarten to primary school in those dimensions that enable to characterized classroom discourse as asymetric and a discontinuity between them in the dimensions that account for knowledge development. The interactional structures enacted in kindergarten classrooms are close to a collaboration process. On the contrary, in primary school, a process of information trasmission is enacted following a more rigid sequence initiation-answer-evaluation. The implications of the differences between the interactional patterns in kindergarten and primary school should be evaluated in relation to the analysis which showed that children utterances are longer and more complex in Kindergarten than in Primary School.

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