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Original Articles

Calidad de vida y autoconcepto en adolescentes con necesidades educativas especiales y sin ellas

Quality of life and self-concept in adolescents with and without special educational needs

Pages 523-536 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Objetivos: Evaluar la calidad de vida y el autoconcepto, y comprobar la relación que existe entre estas dos variables durante la adolescencia. Participantes: 1121 alumnos de entre 12 y 18 años; 151 presentaba necesidades educativas especiales (NEE). Instrumentos: Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Calidad de Vida de alumnos adolescentes (Gómez-Vela, 2004) y Cuestionario de Autoconcepto AF5 (García y Musitu, 1999). Principales resultados y conclusiones: (1) Los adolescentes presentan puntuaciones positivas tanto en calidad de vida como en autoconcepto. No obstante, existen diferencias significativas en función del género, la edad y la presencia de NEE. Los varones obtienen puntuaciones inferiores en el área académica, mientras que las mujeres las obtienen en la esfera emocional. Los alumnos más jóvenes obtienen puntuaciones inferiores en Autodeterminación. Las NEE afectan al Autoconcepto académico y al Desarrollo personal de los alumnos, a su Bienestar físico y a su Autodeterminación; (2) El autoconcepto desempeña un papel importante en la calidad de vida durante la adolescencia, especialmente el Autoconcepto Familiar, el Académico y el Físico.

Abstract

Study aims: To assess quality of life and self-concept, and to analyse the relation between these variables during adolescence. Participants: 1121 secondary school students between 12 and 18 years of age, 151 of whom had special educational needs (SEN). Instruments: Questionnaire to assess the quality of life of adolescents [Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Calidad de Vida de alumnos adolescentes (Gómez-Vela, 2004)}, and the AF5 Self-concept Questionnaire [Cuestionario de Autoconcepto AF5 (García and Musitu, 1999)}. Main results and conclusions: (1) The participants obtained high scores both in quality of life and self-concept. Nevertheless, there were significant differences related to gender, age, and the presence of SEN. Boys obtained lower scores in the academic sphere, while girls did so in the emotional sphere. Younger students got lower scores in Self-determination. SEN was found to affect students' Academic Self-concept, Personal Development, Physical Well-being and Self-determination. (2) Self-concept plays an important role in quality of life during adolescence, specially, with respect to Family, Academic and Physical self-concept.

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