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Original Articles

Variables asociadas al conocimiento de catalán y castellano escrito del alumnado extranjero. Un estudio empírico en sexto de primaria en Cataluña

Variables associated to immigrant pupils' knowledge of written Catalan and Spanish: An empirical study of sixth graders in Catalonia

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Pages 427-447 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Los estudios que analizan los resultados lingüísticos del alumnado extranjero en España son muy escasos y no informan sobre las variables que influyen en sus resultados. Los datos de Cataluña tienen especial interés para comprender la complejidad de las interrelaciones entre las variables que, según la educación bilingüe, inciden en el aprendizaje de una nueva lengua. La investigación evalúa el conocimiento de catalán y castellano escrito de 97 alumnos de origen extranjero de sexto de primaria en Cataluña. Se analiza el impacto de 14 variables en los resultados lingüísticos del alumnado a través de análisis de regresión lineal multivariante. Los resultados muestran seis variables que median los resultados escritos de catalán y castellano del alumnado extranjero y, en concreto, señalan la importancia del entorno sociolingüístico (CS) y los usos orales de las lenguas. Las conclusiones discuten la necesidad de distinguir entre el dominio de habilidades orales generales (BICS) y habilidades orales académicas para comprender el impacto de la variable CS en los resultados lingüísticos del alumnado extranjero y poder incorporar medidas psicoeducativas para favorecer el aprendizaje de la lengua escolar.

Abstract

Studies examining linguistic outcomes of immigrant students in Spain are scarce and do not report on variables that influence their results. Data from Catalonia is of particular interest to understanding the complexity of the interrelationships between variables that—according to bilingual education—have an impact on learning a new language. This research study assesses the proficiency in written tests in Catalan and Spanish of 97 sixth grade immigrant students living in Catalonia, and analyses the impact of 14 variables in these students' linguistic performance through multivariate linear regression analysis. The results showed six variables that mediate immigrants' written outcomes in both languages. In particular, they stress the importance of the sociolinguistic environment (CS) and oral uses of language. The findings highlight the need to distinguish between oral skills (BICS) and academic skills related to oral language in order to understand the impact of the CS variable in the linguistic performance of immigrant students. It also suggests how the distinction can be used to incorporate psycho- educational measures to promote second language acquisition at school.

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