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Original Articles

Diferencias en el desarrollo y el comportamiento de niños y niñas con riesgo de discapacidad: alcance de un programa para padres

Developmental and behavioural differences in children at risk for disability: Scope of a programme for parents

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Pages 167-181 | Received 15 Jun 2010, Accepted 12 Jun 2011, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Los déficits menores y las secuelas conductuales en los niños con riesgo de discapacidadpueden producir limitaciones y condicionar el rendimiento escolar a medio y/o largo plazo. Se han evaluado 95 niños de tres años de edad, distribuidos en tres grupos: de riesgo con apoyo a padres (G1); de riesgo con tratamiento estándar (G2); y de iguales sin riesgo (G3) con el objetivo de analizar las diferencias en desarrollo y comportamiento. Se les realizó un examen neurológico y se evaluó el desarrollo y el comportamiento. Comparando a los niños del G1 y G2 se observan diferencias significativas en el número de secuelas neurológicas menores. Los tres grupos presentan un nivel de desarrollo dentro de la normalidad, aunque los grupos de riesgo obtienen puntuaciones más bajas. Los datos relativos al comportamiento no muestran la existencia de problemas importantes, aunque se observan diferencias entre G2 y G3 en problemas de atención. Los niveles de ansiedad de los padres y madres de los tres grupos no son significativos, aunque se observan diferencias inter-grupo. La intervención con los padres ha podido influir positivamente en la capacidad de adaptación e interacción de sus hijos.

Abstract

Minor deficits and behavioural sequelae in children at risk for disability may restrict and condition mid- andlor long- term school performance. We assessed 95 3-year-old children subdivided into three groups: risk children with support to parents (G1); risk children with standard treatment (G2); and peers with no risk (G3), in order to analyse developmental and behavioural differences. Children underwent neurological, developmental and behavioural assessments. Comparisons between G1 and G2 children showed significant differences in the number of minor neurological sequelae. The developmental level for the three groups was within normal limits, but risk groups obtained lower scores. Although no important behaviour problems were found, there were differences in attention problems between G2 and G3. Parents' anxiety levels for the three groups were not significant, though inter-group differences were detected. Parents' support programme may have had a positive influence on their children's interaction and adaptation.

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