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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 32, 2011 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Las variedades de la psicología de la religión: explorando las diferentes formas de construir el objeto de estudio

Varieties of psychology of religion: Exploring different ways of building the object of study

Pages 51-67 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un marco crítico general de las principales corriente psicológicas que han estudiado la religión. En primer lugar, se examinan los planteamientos centrados en la descripción externa de la experiencia religiosa: las corrientes biológico-experimentales y las perspectivas psicométricas. A continuación, se consideran otro conjunto de aproximaciones centradas en la comprensión de los fenómenos religiosos: las corrientes psicoanalíticas (freudiana), fenome- nológicas y humanistas. Tras discutir las dificultades que estas corrientes plantean, y donde se detecta una carencia notable de la dimensión cultural y el concepto de significado como eje constitutivo de la realidad psicológica, se propone a la Psicología cultural como nueva perspectiva de estudio que permita un enlace dialéctico con el resto de ciencias antroposo- ciales, con la finalidad de producir, más allá de visiones reduccionistas, un espacio multidisciplinar de trabajo que dé cuenta del complejo fenómeno religioso.

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to propose a general critical framework of the main psychological perspectives that have studied religious phenomena. First, bio-experimental and psychometric approaches focusing on the external description of the religious experience are reviewed. Next, another set of approaches centred on understanding the religious experience, i.e. psychoanalytical (Freudian), phenomenological and humanistic points of view, are considered. The discussion on the contributions of these schools of thought points out that the cultural dimension and the concept of meaning, as constituent core of psychological reality, are notably scarce. Thus, Cultural Psychology is proposed as a theoretical alternative to help establish a dialectic link with the rest of anthropo-social sciences; the objective being to produce, beyond reductionist views, a multidisciplinary work-space that fully accounts for complex religious phenomena.

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