Publication Cover
Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 32, 2011 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

La evolución de la intencionalidad de la conciencia: de la conciencia intencional descarnada de Brentano a la Intencionalidad operante de Merleau-Ponty

The evolution of the intentionality of consciousness: From the naked intentional consciousness of Brentano to the operant intentionality of Merleau-Ponty

Pages 419-430 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Este estudio pretende penetrar en uno de los conceptos más relevantes de la historia del pensamiento filosófico y psicológico: la cuestión de la conciencia (y su carácter intencional) así como las aporías y problemáticas que acarrea.

Para Brentano, si la psicología pretende tener el estatuto de cientificidad, debe circunscribirse temáticamente a un único ámbito: la conciencia. Asimismo, su característica primordial radica en que siempre será conciencia de algo (será intencional). No obstante, la validez de esa intencionalidad se problematizará por los seguidores del planteamiento bren-taniano. Entre ellos, Husserl matizará ciertos aspectos de la naturaleza intencional de la conciencia, así como radicalizará ciertas cuestiones de Brentano.

Ulteriormente, se observará como la conciencia intelectualista brentaniano-husserliana empezará a enraizarse en el mundo, gracias a la ontología del ser-en-el-mundo de Heidegger, y perderá el carácter epistemológico preponderante, para adueñarse de una vertiente práctica. A su vez, esta relevancia de la praxis se radicalizará en Merleau-Ponty, con su propuesta de la intencionalidad operante haciendo referencia al vínculo antepredicativo, corporal, que el sujeto mantiene con el mundo.

Abstract

The paper purports to examine one of the most important concepts in the history of philosophical and psychological thought: the concept of consciousness (and its intentional character) together with aporetics and the problems they entail.

For Brentano, if psychology intends to have the status of science, it must circumscribe its thematic limits to only one area: consciousness. Indeed, its basic characteristic is that it will always be conscious about something (i.e., intentional). However, the validity of this intentionality is criticised by followers of the Brentanian approach. Among them Husserl clarifies certain aspects of the intentional nature of consciousness and in certain issues departs markedly from Brentano.

Subsequently, it is observed how the Brentanian-Husserlian concept of intellectual consciousness begins to take root in the world, due to Heidegger's being-in-the-world ontology, and it loses its predominantly epistemological character to be defined in more practical terms. In turn, this relevance of praxis is radicalised in Merleau-Ponty with his thesis of operant intentionality, which refers to the pre-reflexive and corporal link that the subject mantains with the world.

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