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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 32, 2011 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Las mujeres víctimas de violencia en los discursos psicológicos: ¿Espejos deformantes?

Female victims of violence in psychological discourse: Crazy mirrors?

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Pages 405-417 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

La visibilización de las mujeres como víctimas de las violencias ha sido esencial para tomar conciencia y denunciar todo un sistema de dominación y vulneración de derechos. Sin embargo, la incorporación de esta problemática en los discursos científicos ha resultado compleja y contradictoria. En el contexto de la violencia de pareja, la cuestión de por qué la víctima no abandona al agresor ha sido uno de los ejes fuertemente teorizados desde la disciplina psicológica. En ocasiones esta teorización ha estado atravesada por mitos y ambivalencias que han comportado una importante psicologización, patologización e individualización. Focalizaremos las consecuencias de una construcción de la mujer que sufre violencia como alguien pasivo, y con unas características estereotípicas, frente a su construcción como alguien con agencia y diverso. Esto nos remitirá a la producción, compleja y conflictiva, de las subjetividades. Consideramos de importancia estos elementos puesto que al aparecer en el terreno de lo científico, supuestamente neutro y objetivo, tienen gran impacto en la formación y praxis profesional, así como para la propia víctima en la posibilidad de comprenderse.

Abstract

The visibility of women as victims of violence has been essential to raise awareness and condemn an entire system of domination and violation of rights. However, incorporating this problem into scientific discourse has been complex and contradictory. Within the context of couple violence, the issue of why the victim does not leave the aggressor has been one of the strongly theorised axes from the discipline of psychology. Sometimes, this theorisation has been filled with myths and ambivalence that have constituted an important psychologisation, pathologisation, and individualisation of this problem. We shall focus on the consequences of a construction of the woman that suffers violence as someone who is passive, with stereotypical characteristics, versus her construction as someone with agency and diverse. These aspects lead us to the production—complex and conflictive—of gender subjectivities. We consider these elements to be important because, as they appear in the domain of science, supposedly neutral and objective, they have great impact on professional training and praxis, as well as on the victim's possibility of understanding herself.

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