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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 15, 2000 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Atribución de responsabilidad social: contexto social y atributos personales del observador

Attribution of social responsibility: Social context and observer's personal attributes

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Pages 153-163 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer en qué medida la magnitud de responsabilidad social atribuida al actor se ve afectada por el contexto social (tipo de conducta y proximidad actor-observador), los atributos personales (nivel de individualismo-colectivismo, responsabilidad personal) y las características demográficas (sexo, edad, número de amigos íntimos, número de endogruposy religiosidad) del observador. Participaron 249 estudiantes universitarios, un 82% mujeres y con edad promedio de 20 años. Éstos contestaron a la Escala de Individualismo-Colectivismo (Triandis y cols., 1988) y la Escala de Responsabilidad Personal; además, participaron en un experimento en que, a través de historias escritas, fueron manipulados el tipo de conducta (intención vs. omisión vs. negligencia) y la proximidad actor-observador (una persona cercana vs. un desconocido). Tras leerlas, tenían que indicar el grado de responsabilidad social del actor. Los resultados fueron que el contexto social es más determinante que las características personales del observador a la hora de explicar la magnitud de la responsabilidad que éste atribuye al actor; la mayor responsabilidad social es atribuida cuando el actor es alguien cercano al observador.

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating how much the magnitude of social responsibility attributed to the actor is affected by the social context (kind of actor's behavior and degree of proximity between actor and observer), the personal attributes (level of individualism-collectivism, personal responsibility) and the demographic characteristics (sex, age, number of close friends, number of ingroups and religiosity) of the observer. Two hundred and forty-nine university students participated, 82% women, and with an average age of 20. They answered the Individualism-Collectivism Scale (Triandis et al., 1988) and the Personal Responsibility Scale; they also participated in an experiment where, through written stories, the kind of behavior (intention vs. omission vs. negligence) and the degree of proximity between actor and observer (a close person vs. a stranger) were manipulated. After reading the stories, they had to indicate the degree of the actor's social responsibility. The results suggest that the social context is more decisive than the observer's personal characteristics in explaining the magnitude of the responsibility that he/she attributes to the actor; the highest social responsibility is attributed when the actor is somebody close to the observer.

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