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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 19, 2004 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Consumo de alcohol y estilos de vida: una tipología de los adolescentes españoles

Alcohol consumption and lifestyles: A typology of the Spanish adolescents

Pages 51-79 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Este trabajo se centra en analizar el consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes en el contexto de sus estilos de vida. En concreto, pretende establecer una tipología de los estilos de vida y conocer si el consumo de alcohol es una característica definitoria del modus vivendi de determinados grupos de adolescentes. La muestra es representativa de los adolescentes escolarizados españoles de once, trece, quince y diecisiete años (n=5.985). El sistema de muestreo ha sido aleatorio, estratificado, proporcional, polietápico y por conglomerados. Se utilizó un cuestionario anónimo que los escolares cumplimentaron en sus aulas. Se han utilizado técnicas de análisis multivariantes, combinando análisis de correspondencias múltiples y técnicas de clasificación automática. La tipología obtenida distingue seis clases. Las clases que reflejan hábitos saludables, satisfacción escolar y percepción de apoyo familiar abarcan a los adolescentes de menor edad. Entre los adolescentes de mayor edad consumidores de alcohol y tabaco se observan dos perfiles, diferenciados por el género. Las chicas, a diferencia de los chicos, se caracterizan por una vida sedentaria, trastornos en los hábitos de alimentación y frecuentes trastornos psicosomáticos. Se ofrecen sugerencias para la elaboración de programas de promoción de salud.

Abstract

The focus of this study is to analyse alcohol consumption in adolescents in the context of their lifestyles. Specifically, it aims at constructing a typology of lifestyles and understanding the role played by alcohol consumption therein. The population of Spanish students is represented by a sample covering the age groups aged 11, 13, 15 and 17 (n=5.985). An anonymous questionnaire was completed by the students in class. A proportional stratification and multistage sampling system was used. The analyses were carried out using a multivariate approach by combining multiple correspondence analysis and automatic classification, leading to a typology of 6 classes. A connection is observed between age and lifestyle. Those classes which reveal healthy lifestyles, school satisfaction and perception of family support are comprised largely by the younger schoolchildren. Among older adolescents consuming alcohol and tobacco two profiles are observed, differentiated by gender. The girls, as compared with boys, tend to have a sedentary life, eating disorders and frequent psychosomatic complaints. Suggestions for health promotion programs are offered

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