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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 23, 2008 - Issue 1
38
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Original Articles

Evidencias a favor de la disrupción de la estrategia en el olvido de información estereotípica

Evidence in favour of the strategy disruption hypothesis in the forgetting of stereotypical information

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Pages 75-87 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Se realizaron dos experimentos que pretendían cubrir dos objetivos principales. En primer lugar, replicar los efectos de olvido que previamente se habían encontrado en el paradigma de señalización de una parte del total (SPT) utilizando atributos de personalidad—estereotípica y personal—. En segundo lugar, se pretendía identificar el mecanismo subyacente a los efectos de olvido encontrados en el paradigma de la SPT. Para ello, se contrastaron las hipótesis y predicciones inhibitorias frente a las hipótesis basadas en la interferencia. Los resultados respecto al primer objetivo, replican los efectos clásicos del paradigma SPT con información estereotípica. Respecto al segundo objetivo, frente a explicaciones inhibitorias, se encontraron evidencias de que el olvido de información, como consecuencia de la presentación de claves de recuerdo, estaría explicado por la hipótesis de la disrupción de la estrategia. Las repercusiones de los resultados obtenidos se discuten por un lado, en el marco del análisis de los procesos de memoria y por otro, en el de los mecanismos que subyacen al mantenimiento y cambio de los estereotipos.

Abstract

In order to achieve the two main objectives of the present work, two experiments were carried out. First, we wanted to replicate the Part List Cuing paradigm (PLC) effect using stereotypical information. Second, we wanted to go more deeply into the mechanisms underlying forgetting that were found in the PLC paradigm. With this aim, the inhibitory hypothesis was contrasted with the hypothesis based on strategy disruption. The results regarding the first objective, replicated the classic effects of the PLC paradigm with stereotypical information. As for the second objective, we found evidence in favour of the strategy disruption hypothesis. The implications of these results are discussed, first, in the context of memory processes and, furthermore, in the context of the mechanisms underlying the maintenance and change of stereotypes.

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