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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 23, 2008 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Elección de carrera, desarrollo profesional y estereotipos de género

Career selection, professional development and gender stereotypes

Pages 275-285 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El objetivo central de este estudio empírico es analizar la correspondencia entre la percepción que tienen los/as estudiantes sobre las carreras de Psicología e Ingeniería Industrial, por un lado, y los perfiles laborales demandados para estas dos profesiones, por otro. El criterio de partida es que existe un desajuste, de manera que las percepciones estudiantiles asocian la profesión de Psicología con rasgos estereotipados femeninos, mientras que la Ingeniería se sigue vinculando con rasgos estereotipados masculinos. Sin embargo, los perfiles requeridos para estas dos profesiones se caracterizan, en el momento actual, por compartir múltiples habilidades, destrezas y competencias, y por estar poco sesgados según criterios estereotipados de género. Han participado un total de 759 estudiantes valencianos de ESO y Bachiller, así como de Psicología e Ingeniería Industrial. Por su parte, la muestra de profesionales suma un total de 648 personas que ejercen su actividad como psicólogos/as o ingenieros/as industriales. Los resultados corroboran el desequilibrio entre la percepción estudiantil y la realidad laboral actual. Se discuten finalmente posibles propuestas educativas para modificar las percepciones y expectativas profesionales antes de la elección de carrera.

Abstract

The main aim of this empirical study is to analyse the correspondence between the students' perceptions about Psychology and Industrial Engineering careers, on the one hand, and demanded labour profiles for those two professions, on the other. The initial hypothesis supports a gap between perceptions and professional profiles. The students' perceptions relate Psychology to feminine stereotyped traits, whereas Industrial Engineering profession is associated to masculine traits. However, the current professional profiles for both careers share a lot of abilities, skills, and competences, and are not characterised by gender stereotyped bias. A total amount of 759 Valencian students (Secondary Schools and undergraduate from Psychology and Industrial Engineering) and 648 professionals working as psychologists or engineers participated in this study. The obtained results confirm the gap between perceptions and the current labour profiles for these two professions. Finally, some co-educative proposals in order to change the students' perceptions and expectancies before choosing their professional careers are suggested.

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