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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 23, 2008 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

La atribución de sentimientos en situaciones críticas: humanos, infrahumanos y demonios

The attribution of secondary emotions in disasters: Human beings, infra-humans and devils

Pages 133-141 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El sesgo de infrahumanización consiste en la tendencia a reservar para el endogrupo los rasgos exclusivamente humanos, como los sentimientos, rechazando su asociación con el exogrupo. Esta investigación se propone profundizar en el estudio de esta forma de prejuicio, analizando si el contenido de los sentimientos afecta a dicha atribución diferencial. Concretamente, se analiza la atribución de tres tipos de sentimientos: sentimientos positivos, sentimientos relacionados con el sufrimiento y sentimientos relacionados con la maldad. Los resultados señalan que las personas utilizan una distribución de sentimientos diferente para distinguir a su endogrupo de un exogrupo de alto y bajo estatus cuando se infiere su reacción emocional ante una situación crítica. Los efectos encontrados muestran la conveniencia de distinguir entre sentimientos positivos, de sufrimiento y de maldad al investigar el sesgo de infrahumanización, ya que el contenido de los sentimientos que se niegan o se otorgan al exogrupo puede dar cuenta de nuevas formas de infrahumanización que enriquezcan el marco de análisis de esta teoría.

Abstract

Infrahumanization bias consists in the tendency to reserve to one's own group the uniquely human traits, such as secondary emotions, and the avoidance to associate them with outgroups. The present research focuses on the study of this form of prejudice by analyzing the effect of the content of secondary emotions in the differential attribution towards the ingroup and other outgroups. Three types of secondary emotions were used: positive secondary emotions, suffering secondary emotions and secondary emotions related to cruelty. Results showed that people use a different pattern of secondary emotions to describe the emotional reaction of their own group and high status and low status outgroups in a catastrophe. These effects revealed the relevance of the distinction between positive, suffering and cruel secondary emotions, since the content of secondary emotions that are conceded or denied could show new patterns of infrahumanization, and improve the theoretical framework of infrahumanization.

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