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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 23, 2008 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Prediciendo el estereotipo del endogrupo: factores estructurales y comparación intergrupal

Predicting ingroup stereotype: Structural factors and intergroup comparison

Pages 193-201 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

De acuerdo con el Modelo sobre la Predicción del Contenido de los Estereotipos de Fiske, Xu, Cuddy y Glick (1999), el estereotipo del endogrupo suele incluir rasgos que suponen una alta competencia y sociabilidad. No obstante, algunos resultados preliminares muestran que esto no siempre es así, ya que algunos grupos se perciben a sí mismos como altos en sociabilidad pero bajos en competencia. En el presente estudio se pretende indagar algunas de las razones que explican dicho efecto. Concretamente, se estudia la posibilidad de que el resultado se deba a las comparaciones que el endogrupo mantenga con otros exogrupos. Así, nuestras hipótesis plantean que el endogrupo será percibido como alto en sociabilidad pero con baja competencia cuando se producen comparaciones con otros grupos de mayor estatus.

Para probar esta hipótesis se realizó un estudio experimental (N = 607) en donde primero se hicieron salientes dos exogrupos de diferente estatus (alto-bajo). A continuación se pidió a los participantes que evaluaran al endogrupo en función de su competencia y sociabilidad. Los resultados muestran que el estereotipo relativo a la competencia y sociabilidad que se tiene del endogrupo tiende a estar determinado por el exogrupo de comparación.

Abstract

According to The Stereotype Content Model (Fiske, Xu, Cuddy y Glick, 1999), the stereotype of the members of the ingroup tends to include some traits that imply high competence and high warmth. However, some results show that this is not always the case, because some groups perceive themselves as highly sociable but low in competence. The aim of this research is to study some factors that could explain this effect. Specifically, it is proposed that the above mentioned effect is caused by the comparisons of the in-group with different kinds of out-groups. The main hypothesis is that, if the comparison is done with a high status group, the in-group will be perceived as high in warmth and low in competence.

With this goal in mind an experimental study was run (N = 607) in which we first made salient two out-groups with different status (high-low). Next, participants scored the in-group as to their competence and friendliness. Results show that the stereotypes of the ingroup changed as a function of the comparison with different kinds of outgroups.

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