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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 23, 2008 - Issue 3
129
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Original Articles

La contribución de valores, nacionalismo étnico e identidad comparativa a la xenofobia: un estudio intercultural

The contribution of values, ethnic nationalism, and comparative identity to xenophobia: A cross-cultural study

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Pages 315-327 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Se investiga el impacto de los valores personales, la identidad comparativa (europea vs. nacional) y las representaciones sociales de la nación sobre las actitudes xenófobas de los jóvenes mediante encuestas a muestras representativas de la población de 18–24 años en cuatro países europeos (N total = 1904). Se muestra que la representación étnica (vs. cívica) de la nación modula la relación de las identidades sociales con la xenofobia.

La investigación previa ha establecido que los valores universalistas y las identidades supranacionales inhiben la xenofobia pero Licata y Klein (2002) sostienen que la identidad europea puede reforzarla. Un análisis trans-cultural mediante ecuaciones estructurales revela que los valores de Conservación, la identidad nacional, y la representación étnica de la nación refuerzan la xenofobia, mientras que los valores universalistas y la identidad europea la debilitan. Finalmente, la representación étnica de la nación predice la xenofobia mejor que las identidades sociales.

La identidad comparativa demuestra su utilidad para estudiar las identidades sociales anidadas. Se discuten las implicaciones para la identidad y la construcción europea.

Abstract

The impact of personal values, comparative identity (European vs. national), and social representations of the nation on youth's xenophobic attitudes was studied by a survey to representative samples of the population, 18–24 years old, in four European countries (total N = 1904). This research shows that ethnic (vs. civic) social representations of the nation modulate the relation of social identities to xenophobia.

Previous research states that universalist values and supranational identities undermine xenophobia—but Licata & Klein (2002) maintain that European identity may reinforce it. Cross-cultural analyses by structural equation models reveal that Conservation values, national identity, and ethnic representation of the nation reinforce xenophobia, while Universalist values and European identity undermine it. The ethnic representation of the nation predicts xenophobia better than social identities.

Comparative identity seems useful for the study of nested social identities. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for European building and identity are discussed.

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