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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 23, 2008 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Valores humanos en trabajadores de bajo nivel educativo en Natal (Brasil)

Human values in workers of low educational level in Natal (Brazil)

Pages 377-396 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Las investigaciones sobre valores humanos se han incrementado bajo la influencia de la teoría de los tipos motivacionales que abarca una tipología de valores y una estructura dinámica. En dicha perspectiva, se han desarrollado cuestionarios para la medición de los distintos tipos de valores, siendo uno de ellos el Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). En Brasil existe la necesidad de contar con instrumentos de investigación útiles para segmentos de la población de bajo nivel educativo. En la presente investigación se aplicó el referido cuestionario a 474 trabajadores de sectores económicos en los que predomina un nivel educativo bajo. Para analizar las respuestas se aplicaron el análisis factorial (AF) y el smallest space analysis (SSA). A partir de los resultados del AF se identificó una estructura con cuatro factores—Pacifismo-hedónico, Poder, Religiosidad y Conformidad—mientras que gracias al SSA se identificaron siete tipos de valores: Poder-logro, Poder-estimulación, Autodirección, Hedonismo Religioso, Universalismo, Benevolencia y Conformidad. Los resultados revelaron que, entre las personas de bajo nivel formativo, las diferencias entre tipos de valores pierden en exactitud pero presentan nuevos sentidos.

Abstract

Research on human values has increased with the influence of the motivational value types theory, which includes a typology of values and a dynamic structure. Within this approach, questionnaires have been developed to measure the types of values. One of them is the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). In Brazil, the necessity of adjusting questionnaires to segments of the population with a reduced formal instruction is recognized. In the present research the above mentioned questionnaire was applied to 474 workers in an economic sector in which the low educational level predominates. Therefore, factor analysis (FA) and the smallest space analysis (SSA) were applied. The FA revealed a structure with four factors (Pacifism-hedonism, Power, Religiousness, and Conformity), while by the SSA seven types of values were identified (Power-Success, Power-stimulation, Self-Direction, Religious Hedonism, Universalism, Benevolence, and Conformity). The results reveal that, among people with reduced formal instruction, the distinctions among types of values lose their exactitude but make sense in new ways.

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