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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 24, 2009 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Representación social de la sexualidad y actitudes en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos

Social representation of sexuality and attitudes in Mexican university students

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Pages 65-79 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Se estudia la representación social de la sexualidad y su relación con las actitudes y comportamientos sexuales en una muestra de 395 estudiantes de psicología mexicanos. Se empleó un cuestionario, integrado por un test de asociación libre de palabras para determinar el contenido semántico de la representación, dos escalas tipo Likert para medir actitud hacia la sexualidad y la homosexualidad, así como preguntas cerradas y abiertas sobre conductas sexuales. El análisis de datos se realizó por análisis de conglomerados, análisis factorial, correlaciones, comparaciones de medias y chi-cuadrado. En el núcleo central de la representación social encontramos una sexualidad definida por la identidad de género y la heterosexualidad, cuyo ejercicio se basa en el amor y valores de respeto. El análisis de conglomerados arroja 5 grupos semánticos. Estos grupos presentan una asociación débil con las actitudes, pero independencia con la conducta. Por el contrario, las actitudes se relacionan con la conducta sexual en un grado de débil a moderado. Se discute la conexión de lo cognitivo con el comportamiento y el efecto de las medidas usadas.

Abstract

This paper studies the social representation of sexuality and its relationship with sexual attitudes and behaviors in a sample of 395 Mexican psychology students. The measure instrument applied was a questionnaire, integrated by a word free association test to determine the representation semantic content, two Likert-type scales to measure attitudes toward sexuality and homosexuality, as well as some closed and open questions on sexual behaviors. The statistical analysis was carried out through hierarchical cluster analysis, factor analysis, correlations, central tendency comparisons and chi-square test. In the central nucleus of social representation we found a sexuality that is defined by gender identity and heterosexuality, and whose practice is based on love and on values of respect and personal care. The cluster analysis defines 5 semantic groups. These groups show a weak association with attitudes, but independence with behavior. On the contrary, attitudes are related with sexual behavior in a grade from weak to moderate. Connection between cognitive and behavioral aspects as well as the effect of the measures employed is discussed.

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