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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 24, 2009 - Issue 2
641
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Original Articles

Hacia una mejor comprensión psicológica del terrorismo: reclutamiento, ideología y violencia

Towards a better psychological understanding of terrorism: Recruitment, ideology and violence

Pages 163-181 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar cómo se desarrolla y mantiene el comportamiento violento terrorista. Los contenidos se estructuran desde un modelo global de utilidad para explicar y predecir los actos violentos de los terroristas. Fundamentalmente, se pretende dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: ¿ quées la violencia terrorista?, ¿cómo afecta la ideología al comportamiento violento?, ¿qué distingue a los extremistas que actúan violentamente de aquellos que no lo hacen?, y, ¿cómo se forman y se mantienen funcionalmente las organizaciones terroristas?. Se estudia el papel que juega la ideología y, así, la secuencia de procesos psicológicos que favorecen el desarrollo y mantenimiento del comportamiento violento de los terroristas y cómo aquélla, junto con ciertos factores y argumentos justificativos y legitimadores de la agresión, favorece la realización de actos violentos de terrorismo. Se analiza el reclutamiento y el liderazgo como procesos básicos, respectivamente, para la formación y mantenimiento funcional de un grupo terrorista.

Abstract

This work aims at analyzing the grounds and the ways in which terrorist behavior develops and settles. The contents are structured according to a global model which proves useful at helping to explain and predict violent actions by terrorists. More specifically, this paper aims to answer the following questions: What is terrorist violence?, how does ideology affect violent behavior?, what distinguishes extremists who act violently from those who do not?, and how do terrorist organizations form and function?

The role of ideology is reviewed by studying the psychological processes which take part in the development and settlement of terrorists' violent behavior. Together with all this, we deal with the question of whether socialization, in combination with certain arguments which tend to justify and legitimate aggression, actually favors the perpetration of violent terrorist actions. Recruitment and leadership are analyzed as basic processes, respectively, to the formation and functional maintenance of terrorist groups.

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