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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 24, 2009 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Un análisis psicosocial del grupo terrorista como secta

A social psychological analysis of the terrorist group as a cult

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Pages 183-195 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Este trabajo pretende realizar un análisis de la dinámica interna de los grupos terroristas a partir de la dinámica característica de las sectas coercitivas. Desde una perspectiva psicosocial, y a partir de la investigación científica revisada en ambos campos, se estudian de forma paralela las características principales que definen a ambos tipos de grupos y se analizan los distintos procesos de interacción que se producen en ambos. Se aborda la interacción entre los tres elementos fundamentales, la persona, el grupo y su entorno social próximo, deteniéndose en los factores facilitadores de la vinculación de los sujetos a ambos tipos de grupos. Posteriormente, se profundiza en las estrategias de abuso psicológico que hacen servir determinadas sectas para captar y someter a sus adeptos, combinando elementos de influencia y persuasión con otras formas de control, manipulación y coacción. Se analiza así en qué medida dichas estrategias son aplicadas también por los grupos terroristas, haciendo un balance de similitudes y diferencias que constata la intersección entre ambos grupos.

Abstract

The present article aims at exploring the internal functioning of terrorist groups in terms of those dynamics that are typical of coercive cults. Using a social psychology perspective, we describe the main features that define both types of groups, and analyse the interaction processes appearing in them. We focus first on the interaction between the three fundamental elements, namely individual, group, and social surroundings. Particular attention is paid to those factors that link people to both cultic and terrorist groups. Next, we look at those strategies of psychological abuse that certain cults use in order to first attract and then subjugate ordinary people. Interestingly, these strategies are thought to combine social influence and social persuasion mechanisms with other forms of control and coercive manipulation. Last, we consider the way these strategies might be extended to terrorist groups by analyzing the corresponding differences and similarities between these two kinds of groups.

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