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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 24, 2009 - Issue 2
168
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Original Articles

Las oleadas históricas de la violencia terrorista: una reconsideración

Historical waves of terrorist violence: A second thought

Pages 119-137 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El artículo revisa la hipótesis del carácter cíclico de las movilizaciones políticas que emplean el terror como instrumento estratégico preferente. Propone una periodización en cinco etapas: la oleada populista-nihilista en el tránsito de los siglos XIX al XX; el período de entreguerras centrado en el control totalitario de la población y la mística de la liberación nacional; la etapa de posguerra vinculada a la aparición, desarrollo y triunfo de los movimientos tercermundistas de independencia o de liberación nacional; el ciclo terrorista revolucionario producido en las sociedades del capitalismo tardío a partir de 1968 y el ciclo actual, caracterizado por elprimordia- lismo étnico y el fundamentalismo religioso. Se trata de demostrar que el terrorismo está condicionado en su dinámica interna por los grandes ciclos de la protesta revolucionaria o contrarrevolucionaria; que tiende a aparecer en los períodos de declive de estos ciclos generales de protesta, y que algunas manifestaciones de violencia terrorista han mostrado una notable capacidad de adaptación que les ha permitido superar esa fase de agotamiento y actuar como puente para “dar el salto” a un nuevo ciclo de protesta.

Abstract

The article reviews the hypothesis of the cyclical character of the political mobilizations that use terror as a strategic instrument. It proposes a chronology in five stages: the populist-nihilist wave in the transit of centuries XIX to XX; the inter-war period based in the totalitarian control of the population and the mysticism of national liberation; the post-war period linked to the appearance, development and triumph of the third-world movements of independence or national liberation; the revolutionary terrorist cycle produced in the societies of late capitalism since 1968, and the present cycle, characterized by the ethnic primordialism and the religious fundamentalism. We try to demonstrate that terrorism is conditioned in its internal dynamics by the great cycles of revolutionary or counterrevolutionary protest; that it tends to appear in the periods of decline of these cycles of protest, and that some manifestations of terrorist violence have a remarkable capacity of adaptation that has allowed them to surpass that phase of exhaustion and to act as a bridge for “jumping' to a new cycle of protest.

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