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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 25, 2010 - Issue 1
134
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Original Articles

Current mental health and reconciliation sentiment of victims of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda

Estado actual de salud mental y sentimiento de reconciliación en las víctimas del genocidio Tutsi en Ruanda

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Pages 27-34 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Abstract

Two hundred and seven victims of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda were presented with the Rwandan version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ), and with reconciliation sentiment items. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the factor structure of the GHQ was examined. The three-factor structure suggested by some authors reasonably fitted the data but two factors—Anxiety and depression, and Loss of confidence—were extremely correlated. As a result, a reduced two-factor model was tested, and the fit of this model was found to be reasonable. As regards the anxiety, depression and loss of confidence factor, the level of mental health observed among victims was lower than the level of mental health observed among Europeans who were never directly exposed to violence. As regards the social dysfunction factor, however, no difference was evidenced. A positive association between mental health and reconciliation sentiment was observed.

Resumen

Doscientas siete víctimas del genocidio Tutsi, en Ruanda, completaron la versión ruandesa del Cuestionario de Salud General (General Health Questionnaire-12, GHQ) y una serie de ítems sobre sentimientos de reconciliación. Se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio para examinar la estructura factorial del GHQ. La estructura de tres factores sugerida por algunos autores se ajustó a los datos pero dos de los factores—Ansiedad y depresión y Pérdida de confianza—estaban extremadamente correlacionados. Como consecuencia, se probó un modelo reducido de dos factores, cuyo ajuste fue razonable. Los resultados indican que cuando se considera la ansiedad-depresión y la pérdida de confianza, el nivel de salud mental observado entre las víctimas fue inferior al de los europeos que no fueron expuestos a la violencia. Sin embargo, cuando se tiene en cuenta el factor disfunción, no se evidenciaron diferencias. Se observó, finalmente, una asociación positiva entre la salud mental y el sentimiento de reconciliación.

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