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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 25, 2010 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Identidad social y discriminación intergrupal. ¿Una relación inevitable? El caso de las identidades regionales en Chile

Social identity and intergroup discrimination. An inevitable relationship? The case of regional identities in Chile

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Pages 215-230 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

La teoría de la categorización del yo reconoce explícitamente la posibilidad de que distintas identidades tengan relaciones “anidadas” entre sí, de manera que no hay ni incompatibilidad ni conflicto entre ellas, pues se ubicarían a diferentes niveles de abstracción para los sujetos. Nuestro objetivo fue poner a prueba esta afirmación a través del estudio de un caso idiosincrásico: la identificación con las regiones chilenas, creadas hace 30 años por el gobierno central, y con pocas raíces socio-históricas. Se encuestó a 504 estudiantes universitarios en dos regiones distintas (seleccionados aleatoriamente), y los resultados indican que estas regiones se han constituido en referentes para el autoconcepto de las personas. Los participantes mostraron altos niveles de identidad regional, la cual aparece como complementaria y compatible con altos niveles de identificación con el país y se encuentra asociada a valores de benevolencia y universalismo (medidos con la escala de valores de Schwartz), así como a actitudes positivas hacia otros grupos regionales. Todo ello indica que estas emergentes identidades regionales serían compatibles con la tradicional identidad chilena al anidarse con ella.

Abstract

Self-categorization theory explicitly recognizes the possibility that distinct identities have “nested” relationships among themselves, so that there is no incompatibility or conflict among them, as they are located at different levels of abstraction for the subjects. Our objective was to test this premise through the study of an idiosyncratic case: the identification with Chilean regions, created more than 30 years ago by the central government with few socio-historic roots. Some 504 university students (randomly selected) in two distinct regions were surveyed. The results indicate that these regions have served as a reference in the self-concept of the individuals surveyed. The participants showed high levels of regional identity, which appear to be complementary and compatible with high levels of identification with the values of benevolence and universalism (measured with the Schwartz value scale), as well as positive attitudes towards other regional groups. All this indicates that these emerging regional identities would be compatible with the traditional Chilean identity in which they are embedded.

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