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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 26, 2011 - Issue 1
219
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Original Articles

El efecto de estar “empleado”, “desempleado” y “jubilado” en la formación de impresiones: un análisis desde la hipótesis de Asch

Effects of being “employed”, “unemployed” and “retired” in impression formation: An analysis from Asch's theory

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Pages 119-130 | Received 01 Mar 2010, Accepted 01 Jul 2010, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Pocos estudios se han centrado en analizar la importancia que la situación laboral de las personas tiene en el proceso de percepción de impresiones en el contexto social de escasez de empleo. Este estudio aborda el fenómeno de la formación de impresiones a partir del experimento de Asch utilizando como rasgos centrales “empleada”, “desempleada” y “jubilada” y los rasgos respuesta del experimento original. La muestra se compuso de 239 estudiantes universitarios sin conocimientos previos del experimento de Ach. Se utilizó un diseño experimental unifactorial (situación laboral) multicondicional (rasgos respuesta) de grupos distintos de sujetos. Mediante pruebas chi cuadrado, los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la persona “empleada” fue descrita como más importante y perseverante que la “desempleada”, pero más egoísta que la “jubilada”. La persona “desempleada” fue considerada como la más triste, y junto con la persona “jubilada” más sociables en comparación con la “empleada”. Las personas poderosas—entendiendo el trabajo como fuente de poder y estatus—fueron percibidas como competentes pero poco sociables, dentro del marco del Modelo sobre el Contenido Mixto de los Estereotipos de Fiske et al.

Abstract

Few studies have focused on analysing the importance of people's employment situation on the process of perceiving impressions in the current social context of lack of employment. The present study addresses the phenomenon of impression formation after the experiment carried out by Asch, using “employed”, “unemployed” and “retired” as central features, together with the response traits of the original experiment. The sample consisted of 239 university students without previous knowledge of Asch's experiment. For this purpose, a univariate (employment status) multi-condition (response traits) experimental design was used in different groups of subjects. The chi-square results showed that the “employed” person was described as more important and persevering than the “unemployed”, but more selfish than the “retired” person. The “unemployed” person was described as the saddest, and together with the “retired” person they were described as more sociable than the “employed” person. Powerful people—taking work as a source of power and status—were perceived as competent but unsociable, within the framework of Fiske et al's Model of Often Mixed Content of Stereotypes

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