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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 27, 2012 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Power increases the reliance on first-impression thoughts

El poder aumenta el uso de las primeras impresiones

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Pages 293-303 | Received 30 Aug 2011, Accepted 02 May 2012, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Abstract

The present research examines the effect of power in impression formation. In line with prior research on persuasion, we hypothesized that having power increases reliance on thoughts relative to being powerless. Participants in this experiment were first led to generate either positive or negative thoughts about a job candidate by providing them with a strong or weak vita. Following this manipulation, participants were instructed to remember episodes of their lives in which they either had power over others or others had power over them. Relative to powerless participants, those induced to feel powerful showed more reliance on the thoughts listed. As a consequence, the effect of the direction of the thoughts on subsequent judgments of the job candidate (including judgments of competence and warmth) was greater for participants with high, as opposed to low power. These results reveal for the first time that power can validate what people think about other people.

Resumen

La presente investigación examina el efecto del poder sobre la formación de impresiones. En línea con la investigación previa en el contexto de la persuasión, se esperaba que las personas con alto poder utilizaran sus pensamientos en mayor medida que las personas con bajo poder. Para poner a prueba esta hipótesis, se llevó a cabo un experimento en el que los participantes primero generaron pensamientos favorables o desfavorables hacia un candidato a un puesto de trabajo en función de los méritos de su curriculum vitae. A continuación, se pidió a los participantes que pensaran en episodios previos en los que tuvieron poder sobre otra persona o en episodios en los que tuvieron poder sobre ellos. Los participantes asignados a la condición de alto poder utilizaron más sus pensamientos iniciales al juzgar al candidato (tanto en términos de competencia como de atractivo) que aquellos en la condición de bajo poder. Estos resultados sugieren por primera vez que el poder puede validar lo que piensan las personas sobre los demás.

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