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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 28, 2013 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

El impacto psicosocial de los procesos transicionales en Chile: evaluación de los efectos de las Comisiones Nacional de “Verdad y Reconciliación” y “prisión política y tortura”

The psychosocial impact of transitional processes in Chile: Assessing the impact of the National Commissions on “Truth and Reconciliation” and “Political Imprisonment and Torture”

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Pages 145-156 | Received 13 Dec 2011, Accepted 30 Apr 2012, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Se analizan las emociones, clima emocional, actitud ante el pasado, confianza institucional y valoración de los procesos de justicia transicional en una muestra de personas afectadas y no afectadas por la violencia política en Chile (N = 1278). Las víctimas directas informan de más emociones negativas vinculadas al pasado y la actividad de las comisiones, perciben un clima emocional menos positivo, menor seguridad, confianza y esperanza colectiva, más desconfianza institucional, aunque mayor orgullo ante el pasado y mayores niveles de propósito vital. Las personas de derecha informan de menos culpa y vergüenza, más confianza institucional y valoración más crítica de las comisiones. Quienes valoran positivamente el trabajo de las comisiones de verdad creen que permitieron conocer la verdad, impulsar procesos de justicia, generaron una historia integradora, ayudan a prevenir hechos de violencia colectiva en el futuro, creen más en el perdón de las victimas a los perpetradores, perciben un clima emocional positivo, más confianza intergrupal y mayor confianza institucional.

Abstract

We analyze emotions, emotional climate, attitude to the past, institutional trust and appreciation of transitional justice processes in a sample of people affected and not affected by political violence in Chile (N = 1278). Direct victims report more negative emotions related to the past and the work of commissions. They perceive a less positive emotional climate, low security, institutional trust and collective hope. However, they report greater pride towards the past and higher levels of purpose in life. Right-wing people report less guilt and shame, more institutional trust and critical assessment of commissions. Those who value the work of truth commissions, consider that they helped to know the truth, promote justice processes, create an inclusive story, ensure that violence does not recur in the future, believe more in victims' forgiveness of perpetrators, perceive a positive emotional climate, and greater intergroup and institutional trust.

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