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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 28, 2013 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Public Speaking: Stereotype threat and control

Hablar en público: la amenaza del estereotipo y el control

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Pages 169-181 | Received 23 Feb 2012, Accepted 24 May 2012, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Abstract

A first experiment aimed at extending stereotype threat to anxious behaviour was carried out. Male and female students had to speak in front of a camera. As expected, female participants in the threat condition behaved more anxiously than did participants in the other three conditions that did not differ from one another. It is suggested that this confirmation of the stereotype occurred because the female participants had low control over the task. In a second study, female participants' control over the task was manipulated. As expected, threatened participants behaved in more anxiously when they had low level of control over the task, but not when they had a high level of control over the task. Together, these studies argue for the generality of stereotype threat to everyday behaviour, and show that its negative effects are not inescapable.

Resumen

Un primer experimento tuvo como objetivo relacionar la amenaza de estereotipo con la conducta ansiógena. Estudiantes de ambos géneros tuvieron que hablar delante de una cámara. Tal y como se esperaba, las mujeres se comportaron de manera más ansiosa en la condición de amenaza que los participantes de las otras 3 condiciones, donde no se observaron diferencias. Estos resultados sugieren que la confirmación del estereotipo se produjo por un bajo control de la tarea por parte de las participantes femeninas. En un segundo estudio, la percepción de control por parte de las mujeres fue manipulada. Tal y como se esperaba, los participantes amenazados se comportaron de un modo más ansioso cuando la sensación de control sobre la tarea fue baja, y no cuando el control percibido fue elevado. Ambos estudios expresan la cotidianidad del efecto de los estereotipos y sus efectos negativos.

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