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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 28, 2013 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

El acoso laboral o mobbing: similitudes y diferencias de género en su severidad percibida

Workplace bullying or mobbing: Gender similarities and differences in its perceived severity

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Pages 211-224 | Received 27 Jun 2011, Accepted 27 Feb 2012, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Basándose en la teoría del rol social de género, el propósito de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de la variable sociodemográfica “género” sobre la manera en que las personas valoran la severidad de los diferentes comportamientos de acoso laboral o mobbing. En el Estudio 1, se aplica el método Delphi con una muestra de expertos. Los resultados mostraron que los hombres percibieron las conductas de abuso emocional como menos severas que las mujeres. En el Estudio 2, realizado con empleados, los resultados replicaron y extendieron los hallazgos del Estudio 1. Específicamente, las mujeres evaluaron la severidad de las conductas de agresión relacional (aislamiento y abuso emocional), de modo más severo que los hombres. Estos resultados sugieren que el género es un factor diferencial a la hora de concebir el acoso laboral. Esto puede tener implicaciones importantes a la hora de que directivos de empresas de uno u otro género hayan de decidir las formas de prevenir y actuar ante situaciones de acoso.

Abstract

Based on gender role socialization theory, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the sociodemographic variable “gender” on the way in which people evaluate the severity of different workplace bullying behaviours. Study 1, a Delphi survey carried out with experts showed that male bullying experts evaluated emotional abuse as less severe than their female counterparts. Study 2, conducted with employees, replicated and extended the findings of Study 1 and showed that female employees considered relational aggressive behaviours (isolation and emotional abuse) as more severe than male employees. These results provide converging evidence that gender impacts conceptualizations of workplace bullying. This may have important implications when corporate executives, of any gender, have to decide how to prevent and handle workplace bullying cases and related situations.

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