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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 28, 2013 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

An intervention with firefighters to promote psychological occupational health according to the Job Demands-Resources Model

Una intervención con bomberos para promover la salud psicológica en el trabajo siguiendo el modelo de demandas y recursos laborales

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Pages 197-210 | Received 19 Jan 2012, Accepted 05 Sep 2012, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Abstract

This study reports an intervention programme to promote job resources (social support) to increase firefighters' psychological well-being (burnout and engagement), using the Job Demand-Resource Model as the theoretical model. Participants were firefighters from an elite Portuguese organization. The intervention consisted of a leadership stress management workshop for middle supervisors that lasted 21 hours spread over 3 days. The intervention group (n = 67) were subordinates whose immediate supervisors participated in the workshop, and the control group (n = 37) were subordinates whose supervisors did not. All participants filled out questionnaires before the workshop and 4 months after. The repeated measures ANOVA revealed as expected that Time x Intervention interaction increased colleagues' social support, and marginally also increased firefighters' vigor. However, contrary to expected the intervention also increased chronic demands. Discussion focuses on the importance of understanding the process underpinning change in occupational stress management interventions, especially in emergency professionals.

Resumen

El presente estudio consiste en un programa de intervención para promover los recursos laborales (apoyo social), y a su vez aumentar el bienestar psicológico (burnout y engagement) de los bomberos, utilizando como marco teórico el modelo de Demandas-Recursos. Los participantes son los bomberos de una organización portuguesa de élite. La intervención consistió en la realización de un taller de gestión del estrés destinado a supervisores intermedios, de 21 horas, repartidas en 3 días. El grupo de intervención (n = 67) se compone de los subordinados inmediatos de los supervisores que participaron en el taller, y el grupo control (n = 37) se compone de los subordinados cuyos supervisores no participaron en el taller. Todos los participantes completaron cuestionarios antes del taller y 4 meses después. El ANOVA de medidas repetidas reveló que la interacción tiempo x intervención tuvo un efecto positivo y significativo en el apoyo social de los compañeros, y un efecto positivo marginalmente significativo en el vigor. Sin embargo, en contra de lo esperado, la intervención también aumentó las demandas crónicas. Se discute en el estudio la importancia de comprender el proceso que sustenta el cambio en las intervenciones de control del estrés, especialmente en los profesionales de emergencies.

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