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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 28, 2013 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Metacognitive confidence: A neuroscience approach

Confianza metacognitiva: una aproximación desde la neurociencia

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Pages 317-332 | Received 19 Feb 2013, Accepted 18 Apr 2013, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Abstract

Metacognition refers to thinking about our own thinking and implies a distinction between primary and secondary cognition. This article reviews how neuroscience has dealt with this distinction between first and second-order cognition, with special focus on meta-cognitive confidence. Meta-cognitive confidence is important because it affects whether people use their primary cognitions in guiding judgments and behaviors. The research described in this review is organized around the type of primary thoughts for which people have confidence, including judgments about memory, choices, and evaluative judgments. Along with other areas, prefrontal cortex and parietal regions have been consistently associated with judgments of meta-cognitive confidence in these three domains. Although metacognitive confidence might be associated with particular brain activity in most of the studies reviewed, confidence often seems to be confounded with other potentially important dimensions, such as effort and ease. Given that people tend to be less certain in tasks that are more difficult, more research is needed to examine the brain activity specifically linked to confidence.

Resumen

La meta cognición se refiere a lo que pensamos sobre nuestros propios pensamientos e implica la distinción entre cognición primaria y secundaria. El presente artículo describe como la neurociencia ha examinado esta distinción entre cognición de primer y segundo orden, presentado especial atención al concepto de confianza metacognitiva. Este tipo de confianza es importante ya que determina en qué medida las personas usamos los pensamientos a la hora de guiar nuestros juicios y acciones. La investigación descrita en este trabajo se organiza a través del tipo de cognición primaria sobre la que se tiene confianza o duda, incluyendo juicios sobre nuestra memoria y también sobre nuestras evaluaciones y decisiones. En la mayoría de estudios, las áreas de la cortera prefontal y parietal aparecen vinculadas con los juicios de confianza en estos tres dominios. A pesar de la asociación observada entre la confianza metacognitiva y algunas zonas concretas de actividad cerebral, el presente trabajo precisa que la confianza a menudo se confunde con otros aspectos como la facilidad y el esfuerzo. En la medida en que se suele estar menos seguro de los juicios de tareas difíciles, se hace necesario llevar a cabo investigaciones en las que se especifique con mayor precisión la actividad cerebral vinculada con la confianza.

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