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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 28, 2013 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Cognición social sobre el yo y sobre los otros: una perspectiva neurocientífica

Social cognition about self and others: A neuroscience perspective

Pages 285-297 | Received 14 Jan 2013, Accepted 15 Apr 2013, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

En los últimos años ha crecido de manera exponencial el interés en estudiar las estructuras cerebrales implicadas en la cognición social, su conectividad anatómica y funcional. En su estudio nos encontraremos con una primera dificultad: la mayor parte de los procesos vinculados a la cognición social son procesos de alto nivel (por ejemplo, relacionados con el auto-concepto) que suelen reflejar las propiedades emergentes de procesos de nivel más básico (como relacionados con la memoria). El segundo gran problema tiene que ver con las limitaciones teóricas e instrumentales (e.g. técnicas de neuroimagen) que han conducido a un cierto paradigma de “cognición social aislada” vinculada con experimentos no realizados en situaciones de interacción real. Partiendo de ambos problemas, en este artículo pretendemos revisar de manera crítica los resultados más importantes que se han encontrado sobre las bases biológicas de la cognición social relacionada con los otros y con el yo.

Abstract

Interest in the biological basis of social cognition has grown exponentially in the last few years. One of the possible approaches consists in trying to locate which brain structures are most likely to be involved in these processes. Another area of study may be the functional and anatomical connectivity of the involved areas. In both cases researchers face the same initial difficulty: most of the processes linked to social cognition are high level processes (for example, self-concept) that often reflect emerging properties of more basic level processes (such as memory). The second common problem has to do with the theoretical and instrumental limitations (e.g. neuroimaging techniques) that have led to a paradigm of “isolated social cognition” linked to experiments without real social interaction. Taking these problems as a starting point, in this paper we seek to review in a critical manner the most important findings on the biological basis of social cognition related to others and to the self.

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