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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 9, 1994 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Aproximación naturalista a la conducta social infantil: el intercambio de recursos en preescolares

A naturalistic approach to child social behaviour: Exchange of resources in preschoolers

Pages 115-128 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El intercambio de recursos ha sido estudiado por los psicólogos sociales casi exclusivamente mediante una metodología experimental y siguiendo un paradigma inspirado en contextos laborales. En los trabajos con sujetos infantiles los resultados indican que los intercambios no siguen más regla que el propio interés o, como mucho, la igualdad antes de los 7 años. El objetivo de este estudio era abordar el intercambio de una manera más naturalista, en busca de criterios más relevantes para preescolares que los utilizados en los experimentos. Empleando una metodología observacional y un planteamiento conceptual basados en gran parte en la investigación etológica, se estudió a dos grupos de niños en periodos de juego libre en guarderías, categorizando su conducta y sus interacciones apelando a la dominancia social y la donación-recepción de recursos. Los resultados indican que la conducta social de los preescolares es bastante más compleja y sofisticada de lo que reflejan los estudios experimentales, y sugieren la necesidad de un planteamiento más inductivo antes de entrar en el laboratorio, especialmente cuando se trata de sujetos infantiles.

Abstract

Exchange of resources has been studied by social psychologists almost exclusively in laboratory experiments, following a paradigm developed for work settings. Research with children shows that they follow no rule other than self-interest or, at most, equality in allocating resources when younger than 7. Our purpose was to approach social exchange from a more naturalistic view, in search of some criteria more relevant to preschoolers than those considered in experiments. Using systematic observation procedures and a conceptual framework partly based on ethological research, we studied two groups of preschoolers during free play periods in kindergarten. Their behaviour and interactions were categorized in terms of social dominance and resource give-and-take. Results indicate that children's social behaviour is much more complex and sophisticated than experiments reveal, and suggest the need for a more inductive approach before entering the laboratory, especially when subjects are children.

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