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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 9, 1994 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Procesos culturales e individuales implicados en la estereotipia de genero. Una aproximación empírica a la elección de carrera

Cultural and individual processes involved in gender stereotyping. An empirical study of career selection

Pages 213-230 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Se revisan los trabajos empíricos más importantes sobre estereotipia de género (Rosenkrantz, Broverman, Spence, Williams y Best, Bem, Markus, Deaux). Un análisis detallado de ellos lleva a la conclusión de la importancia de considerar el género como un constructo cultural, compuesto por el conjunto de creencias sobre las características que diferencialmente se asignan a hombres y mujeres.

Se presenta un estudio empírico, en el que se analizan las diferencias en elección de carrera entre hombres y mujeres. Este problema se aborda desde un enfoque psicosocial, en el que se tiene en cuenta la interacción entre el sexo (como categoría social a la que se pertenece) y el género (como conjunto de creencias asociadas a esas categorías). Los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de chicos y chicas estudiantes de Ingeniería Industrial (N = 100) y de chicos y chicas estudiantes de Pedagogía (N = 86) ponen de manifiesto la importancia del género para discriminar entre las personas que eligen una carrera «típicamente» femenina o masculina.

Abstract

The best well-known examples of research on gender stereotyping (Rosenkrantz, Broverman, Spence, Williams y Best, Bem, Markus, Deaux) are reviewed. Upon a detailed analysis of their main findings and explanations, the conclusion is reached that gender should beconceived as a social construct, composed of a set of psychosocial traits differentially assigned, within each culture, to males and females.

An empirical work, in which male-female differences in career selection are examined, is also presented. A psychosocial approach, considering sex (as a social category of belongingness) and gender (as a set of beliefs associated to that category) as interacting between themselves, is adopted. Both male and female students of Industrial Engineering (N = 100) and of the School of Education (N = 86) participated in the study. Gender variables were of crucial importance to discriminate between male and female choices of “typically” feminine or masculine careers.

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