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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 9, 1994 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Imagen y norma social sobre la estereotipia

Social norms and social image of stereotypes

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Pages 43-64 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Históricamente los estereotipos han sido conceptualizados de acuerdo con tres dimensiones: emotiva, cognitiva y social. Las diferencias en dicha conceptualización, desde enfoques que conciben los estereotipos de forma patológica hasta corrientes que los consideran como esquemas propios del proceso normal de percepción, han desembocado en varias controversias que afectan al mismo concepto de estereotipo. Este trabajo trata de estudiar la imagen social de los estereotipos, en especial en relación con tres aspectos polémicos en la explicación del proceso de la estereotipia: los estereotipos como imágenes de grupos sociales predominantemente negativas o neutras; la extensión o no de los estereotipos a todos los perceptores y a todos los grupos, y su grado de fiabilidad; y la posible existencia de una norma social contraria a la estereotipia. Nuestros resultados principales confirman la existencia de dicha norma social inhibidora que incide fundamentalmente sobre los rasgos negativos de los estereotipos, limitándolos.

Abstract

Historically, stereotypes have been conceptualized according to emotional, cognitive and social dimensions. The differences in such conceptualizations, from perspectives that conceive stereotypes as a pathology, to those that consider them as cognitive frames encompassing the normal process of perception, have given rise to several controversies that affect the very concept of stereotype. Our work focuses on the social image of stereotypes, particularly on three controversial issues related to the explanation of the stereotypic process: stereotypes as images of social groups, predominantly negative or neutral; the range of application of stereotypes to all perceptors and to all social groups; and the possible existence of a social norm against stereotyping. Our main results confirm the existence of such a social norm, which mainly limits the emission of the negative traits of stereotypes.

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