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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 12, 1997 - Issue 1
363
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Original Articles

Clima emocional: su concepto y medición mediante una investigación transcultural

Emotional climate: Its concept and measurement in a crosscultural research

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Pages 79-98 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Se ha elaborado un cuestionario sobre la evaluación del clima emocional (CE). El CE se concibe como un conjunto de emociones salientes y unas representaciones sociales sobre el estado actual y futuro de la sociedad (De Rivera, 1992). Su medida se realiza a través de agregados de respuestas individuales sobre la evaluación del clima social, durante un momento sociopolítico. Se presenta una investigación con estudiantes de 6 países. La escala de CE tiene coeficientes de fiabilidad y validez dimensional transcultural satisfactorios. Encontramos dos dimensiones básicas congruentes con las investigaciones sobre afectividad individual, con relaciones coherentes con afectividad, estrés post-traumático y afrontamiento de traumas colectivos. La no independencia de las respuestas fue contrastada mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. Éste confirmó la interdependencia de respuestas intragrupal, lo) que constituye evidencia estadística de la existencia de un efecto de grupo. Este resultado justifica que se utilice la agregación de respuestas individuales (media por país) como un estimador de un constructo colectivo (CE). La media por país mostró asociación congruente con indicadores macrosociales. Las diferencias inter e intrapaíses en CE muestran la sensibilidad de la escala y su relación con el contexto social.

Abstract

A self-report scale on Emotional Climate (EC) is presented. Emotional Climate is conceived of as the accesibility of a group of emotions in the collective mood, related to a social representation both of the current and of the future social milieu (De Rivera, 1992). Aggregated data of individual questionnaires are used as a macropsychological indicator of EC. This paper presents the main results of a research in which participated college students of six different countries. EC shows satisfactory cross-cultural reliability and dimensional validity. We found two dimensions (positive and negative climate) as well as criterion validity results (with affect balance, post-traumatic stress and coping with collective trauma), both of which are coherent with the literature on affect. Nonindependence was tested by the intraclass correlation coefficient, confirming interdependence of responses within groups as a statistical test of evidence for a group level effect. These results allow us to use an individual aggregate measure (mean by country) as an estimate of collective construct (EC). Mean by country EC shows also congruent associations with macrosocial indicators. Between and within countries item differences confirm the sensibility of the scale.

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