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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 13, 1998 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Influencia de las expectativas estereotípicas en la espontaneidad del proceso inferencial

Influence of stereotypical expectations on the spontaneity inferential process

Pages 107-116 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Esta investigación analiza la influencia de la información congruente vs.incongruente con las expectativas estereotípicas en el grado de espontaneidad del proceso inferencial. Con este objetivo se realizó un experimento en el que participaron 31 sujetos distribuidos en varios grupos según el tipo de información asociada a la categoría (congruente vs. incongruente), el tipo de rasgo (fáciles para imaginar conductas y necesitan pocas conductas para ser confirmados o desmentidos vs. fáciles y necesitan muchas conductas vs. difíciles y necesitan pocas conductas vs. difíciles y necesitan muchas conductas), y la pista que se proporcionaba en la prueba de recuerdo (relacionada con el actor, con la conducta o sin pista). La variable dependientefue el recuerdo total de la frase o de partes de la misma. Los resultados muestran que no se produce una inferencia espontánea de rasgos en todos los casos. Concretamente, se obtienen más inferencias espontáneas con informaciones congruentes con el estereotipo que con informaciones incongruentes. Además, la inferencia espontánea solo se da cuando los rasgos son fáciles de imaginar necesiten muchas o pocas conductas para confirmarse o desmentirse. Esto lleva a concluir que los dos factores estudiados inciden en la espontaneidaddelproceso de inferencia de rasgos.

Abstract

This research was intended to analyse the influence of Congruent vs.Incongruent information and the stereotypical expectations on the level of spontaneity inference process. 31 subjects were distributed in various groups according to the type of information associated to the category (Congruent vs.Incongruent) and trait type (how easy was to imagine behaviors and how many behaviors were necessary to confirm or disconfirm the trait). The cue was provided in the memory test (related to the actor, to the behavior or without clue). The dependent variable was the total remembered sentences or the parts of the sentence. The results showed that spontaneous trait inference was not always produced. Certainly, there were more spontaneous trait inferences with congruent information. Furthermore, spontaneous inference appears only when behaviors are easily imagined from traits. We conclude that the two factors considered have an influence on the spontaneity in the process of trait inference.

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