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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 13, 1998 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Apoyo social y ánimo depresivo en poblaciones de alto riesgo

Social support and depression in high risk populations

Pages 347-357 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Este trabajo analiza la relación entre el apoyo social y la depresión en personas en alto riesgo psicosocial, teniendo en cuenta la mediación de determinadas variables psicológicas. Para comprobar estas relaciones, se ha analizado una muestra de 132 sujetos de ambos sexos, de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 80 años, que representan cuatro áreas de riesgo—personas de edad avanzada residentes y no residentes, enfermos crónicos del riñón y alcohólicos—obteniéndose una medición en las siguientes variables: participación e integración comunitaria, percepción de apoyo social en sistemas formales, autoestima social, emocionaly corporal, estrés percibido y depresión. Los resultados confirman tanto la hipótesis de los efectos principales como la de amortiguación según los planteamientos referidos desde nuestro enfoque teórico (Lin y Ensel. 1989), por cuanto aparecen tanto relaciones directas entre la percepción de apoyo social y la depresión, como relaciones indirectas entre ambas variables por la mediación de la autoestima y el estrés percibido en esa relación.

Abstract

This study is focused on the relationship between social support and depression in high risk populations. A sample of 132 males and females was selected; their age ranged from 18 to 80. The sample analyzed consisted of four subsamples representing different areas of psychosocial risk—elderly persons (residents and nonresidents), and those suffering from chronic illness and alcoholism—. Self-reports of community participation, community integration, formal systems of social support, social self-esteem, emotional self-esteem and body self-esteem were obtained. A direct relationship is expected in those social support evaluations that are related to a formal and informal perspective—formal systems and community participation and integration, respectively—. An indirect relationship is to be observed when there are mediating variables—self-esteem and stress perception—between social support and depression. The results confirm the hypothesized relationship between social support and depression: direct-effects hypothesis and buffer-effects hypothesis from our theoretical approach (Lin and Ensel, 1989).

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