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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 13, 1998 - Issue 3
422
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Original Articles

Apoyo social, integración social y salud mental

Social support, social integration, and mental health

Pages 537-544 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El apoyo social se ha convertido en un concepto cada vez más popular y en una herramienta de trabajo muy útil para el estudio de los factores psicosociales relacionados con la salud mental. A pesar de la existencia de una amplia bibliografía demostrando la relación positiva entre apoyo social y bienestar psicológico, existen importantes problemas en torno al concepto de apoyo social. En primer lugar, un desacuerdo definicional. En segundo lugar, una polémica en torno a los mecanismos a través de los cuales se da la asociación entre apoyo social y salud mental. Estos debates pueden resumirse en dos hipótesis rivales: el modelo de efectos directos y el modelo de efectos protectors.

El presente artículo intenta clarificar este debate introduciendo el concepto de integración social. Para ello, se elabora dicho concepto a partir de la obra de Emile Durkheim, enfatizando el posible papel de la anomia en el deterioro psicológico. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de este análisis para las teorías sobre apoyo social y la relación entre el apoyo social y la salud mental.

Abstract

Social support has become an increasingly popular concept and a very useful research tool for studying psychosocial factors in relation to mental health. Despite a large literature demonstrating the positive association between social support and psychological well-being, important problems exist around social support concept. First, there is disagreement regarding its definition. Second, there is controversy about processes through which social support is associated with mental health. These debates can be summarized in two rival hypotheses: main effect model and buffering effect model.

The present paper tries to clarify this issue by introducing the concept of social integration which was elaborated by Emile Durkheim in his sociological work. The paper tries to emphasize the possible role of anomia in psychological distress. Implications of this analysis for theories of social support processes and relationship between social support and mental health are discussed.

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