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International Journal of Social Psychology
Revista de Psicología Social
Volume 13, 1998 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Cultura, manejo del conflicto e identificación grupal en los grupos de trabajo

Culture, conflict management and identification in work teams

Pages 261-268 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

En este estudio se analiza la influencia de la cultura y de la identificación de los grupos de trabajo en los estilos de manejo del conflicto definidos por Thomas y Kilman (competición, colaboración, compromiso, evitación, conformidad). Los estudiantes universitarios trabajaron en tareas complejas durante 10 sesiones semanales. Combinando los resultados obtenidos en la escala de Triandis y en la escala de Hofstede, obtuvimos 4 estilos de cultura (individualista o colectivista con alta o baja distancia de poder). En el momento de la formación de los grupos, de los 225 sujetos, 178 pertenecían a culturas colectivistas y se sentían altamente identificados con su grupo y poco dispuestos a competir, mientras que los sujetos de las culturas individualistas (47) se sentían más competitivos que identificados con su grupo. Una vez que los grupos trabajaron en las tareas complejas, se produjo un incremento de sujetos en las culturas individualistas(113). El porcentaje de sujetos con alto nivel de colaboración fue mayor en la cultura individualista con baja distancia de poder que en la cultura colectivista con alta distancia de poder, lo que demuestra que no es necesaria una cultura colectivista para conseguir que los miembros de un grupo colaboren para la realización de una tarea.

Abstract

This study is focused on the influence of the culture and the level of identification of work teams in the five modes of conflict management defined by Thomas and Kilman (competition, collaboration, compromise, avoidance and accommodation). Students of the Basque Country University worked on intellectual tasks during 10 weekly sessions. Combining Triandis' and Hofstede's Scales, four types of culture (Individualistic or Collectivistic with High or Low Power Distance) were obtained. Initially, 178 students from the total of 225 were included in collectivistic cultures: they identified themselves highly with their groups and had a low sense of competition. Students of individualistic cultures (47) were more competitive and less identified with their groups. After the groups had performed the task, there was an increase in the number of students of individualistic cultures (113). The percentage of subjects showing a high degree of collaboration in individualistic cultures with low power distance exceeded that of subjects in collectivistic cultures with high power distance. We conclude that a collectivistic culture is not a necessary previous condition for the occurrence of collaboration among group members in the performance of the task.

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