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Culture and Education
Cultura y Educación
Volume 17, 2005 - Issue 2
43
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Original Articles

Modelos culturales de paternidad en un grupo de padres de Cali (Colombia)

Cultural models of fatherhood in a group from Cali (Colombia)

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Pages 101-113 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

Este estudio describe los modelos culturales o sistema de creencias de un grupo de padres respecto a la paternidad, los cuales han sido construidos por ellos en estrecha relación con los ambientes socioculturales en que se han desarrollado. Participaron 15 padres varones de edades comprendidas entre 30 y 45 años, con estudios no superiores a la secundaria, trabajadores en activo y pertenecientes a un sector popular de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). Se aplicó una entrevista semi-estructurada que examinaba las concepciones de los padres sobre lo que significa tener un hijo, educarlo, su relación con la pareja y el modo en que vivieron la relación con sus propios padres. El análisis contempla tres pasos: intra-caso, inter-caso y establecimiento de tipologías. Se privilegia la organización narrativa de la información y la comparación. Los resultados indican la existencia de cuatro modelos de paternidad: tradicional, moderno, intermedio y paradójico. Los modelos observados representan los distintos modos en que los padres participantes se enfrentan a los cambios sociales y más específicamente a la tensión resultante entre formas culturales enraizadas en sus culturas de origen, unas de tipo rural y otras de corte moderno, que han ido adquiriendo a través de sus contactos socioculturales en un medio urbano. Diez padres se ubicaron en transición entre los modelos tradicional y moderno. Las diferencias observadas entre los modelos giran en torno a la concepción del poder patriarcal, el carácter social o personal de la tarea de ser padres y la transmisión intergeneracional del modelo paterno.

Abstract

The study describes the cultural models or belief system of a group of fathers with respect to fatherhood. These models are closely linked with the sociocultural background in which they have grown. 15 male parents between 30 and 45 years, with an education level below secondary education, who at the time were members of the active working population and living in a working class area of the city of Cali (Colombia), took part in the study. A semi-structured interview was administered to fathers. Questions examined fathers' conception of what involved having a child, educating her/him, the relationship with his spouse, and the type of relation with his own parents. A narrative and comparative analysis involving three steps was applied to the content of the interview, i.e.: within-case, between-case, and the elaboration of a fatherhood typology. The results show that there are four paternity models: traditional, modern, intermediate and paradoxical. The observed models represent the diverse ways parents manage social changes and, more specifically, the stress from having to deal with cultural forms rooted in their cultures of origin —both rural and modern—which they have acquired through sociocultural contacts in an urban setting. Ten fathers were in transition between traditional and modern models. Differences observed between models refer to their notion of power, the social or personal nature of the task of becoming a father, and the intergenerational transmission of the fatherhood model.

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